Current Possibilities of Gynecologic Cancer Treatment with the Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Despite the ongoing progress in cancer research, the global cancer burden has increased to 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths in 2018.

Anti-Müllerian hormone: structure, properties and appliance.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein produced by the granulosa cells of preantral and small antral follicles. AMH concentrations reflect ovarian physiology with high precision, thus serving as a more sensitive marker of the ovarian reserve than the chronological age. This hormone plays a role in the pathogenesis of menstrual disorders and fertility in obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome.

Anti-Müllerian hormone: a critical factor for female fertility and reproductive health.

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a glycoprotein produced by the granulosa cells of preantral and small antral follicles. AMH concentrations reflect ovarian physiology with high precision, thus serving as a more sensitive marker of the ovarian re-serve than chronological age. This hormone plays a role in the pathogenesis of menstrual disorders and fertility in both obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome.

A modified method of insulin producing cells' generation from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a result of autoimmune destruction of pancreatic insulin producing β-cells and so far it can be cured only by insulin injection, by pancreas transplantation, or by pancreatic islet cells' transplantation. The methods are, however, imperfect and have a lot of disadvantages. Therefore new solutions are needed.

CD1d expression is higher in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients with unfavorable prognosis.

Through the analysis of CD1d expression by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR we showed lower CD1d molecule and CD1d mRNA expression in B cells of CLL patients than of healthy controls. The frequency of CD1d(+)/CD19(+) cells, CD1d staining intensity and CD1d transcript levels increased with the disease stage. CD1d expression was positively associated with ZAP-70 and CD38 expressions as well as with unfavourable cytogenetic changes.

The prevalence of mtDNA4977 deletion in primary human endometrial carcinomas and matched control samples.

mtDNA4977, the most common deletion of the mitochondrial DNA, has been detected in different types of human neoplasia. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence of mtDNA4977 deletion in primary human endometrial carcinomas (EC) as compared with matched control samples. Thirty-seven matched control tissues and EC samples were enrolled, and the 4977-bp mtDNA deletion was investigated using a PCR-based technique.

[Expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on peritoneal fluid mononuclear cells in women with endometriosis].

Objectives: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plays a key role in the processes underlying the development of pelvic endometriosis. TNF-alpha acts on target cells via two receptors: TNFR1(p55) and TNFR2(p75). Depending on cell type and its activation state, ligand binding to TNF-alpha may induce activation and proliferation of the cells or promote apoptosis.

Clinicoprognostical features of endometrial cancer patients with somatic mtDNA mutations.

Somatic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations have been found in a subset of endometrial cancers (EC) from different populations. We have investigated the relationship between mtDNA changes and clinical and pathological variables of women affected by EC. mtDNA mutations were detected both in early (3/32; 9%) and in advanced (1/8; 12%) stages of uterine tumors.

Liver dysfunction in severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

We report the case of a 32-year-old woman suffering from severe liver dysfunction in the course of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Complications occurred after successful fertilization subsequent to ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotropin followed by ovulation induction with human chorionic gonadotropin. Because of nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention and enlarged ovaries on an ultrasound examination, she was admitted on the diagnosis of OHSS.

The immunological profile of infertile women after repeated IVF failure (preliminary study).

Objective: The aim of this preliminary study was to estimate the immunological profile of patients after repeated IVF failures.

Materials And Methods: Seventeen women after repeated IVF failure and 10 non-pregnant women with a history of successful IVF pregnancies were included in the study. We estimated the presence of the auto-antibodies, such as: antinuclear antibodies (ANA), antithyroid antibodies (ATA), antiphospolipid antibodies (APA), antismooth muscle antibodies (ASMA), and antisperm antibodies (ASA).

[Homocysteine level in ovarian follicular fluid or serum as a predictor of successful fertilization].

Objectives: There are some data concerning homocysteine influence on fertilization and early embryogenesis, especially in women experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss (RSA). However, limited data support hypothesis that the ovum might be exposed to high homocysteine concentration what may be important in egg-sperm interactions, for example during in vitro-fertilization (IVF) cycle.

Design: Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine fasting total homocysteine concentration in follicular fluid or serum of women experiencing reproductive failure after spontaneous or in-vitro fertilization.

[Expression P53 protein and chromosome aberrations in benign tumors and ovarian carcinoma].

Objectives: The epithelial ovarian tumors arise from the single layer of epithelial cells that line the ovarian surface or from underlying inclusion cysts. One from many theories of oncogenesis has been proposed that benign, borderline and invasive tumors represent sequential stages in the growth of an ovarian cancer, and p53 tumor suppressor gene mutation is the most common molecular genetic alteration. Because locus of p53 gene is located on 17 chromosome we performed the cytogenic analysis of tumor tissues.

[Strategies for fertility preservation after anti-cancer therapy].

A tremendous advance in the field of cancer therapy resulted in a substantial improvement of long-term survival of oncological patients. The most frequent side effect of either chemotherapy or radiotherapy is a partial or complete lost of fertility potential. This paper reviews current knowledge on the fertility preservation strategies for patients facing oncological problems and the risks of iatrogenic infertility.

[Luteinizing hormone (LH) in hypergonadotropic hypogonadism].

The serum LH concentration was analyzed in 47 patients of reproductive age with diagnosed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism based on clinical status, pituitary hormone and sex steroids levels, karyotype, ultrasound scan, CT scan, laparoscopy and ovarian biopsy. The following groups were categorized: 46XY, 45X0, premature ovarian failure, WHO III group and iatrogenic symptoms after surgery. The mean serum FSH level was similar in each study group.