Publications by authors named "Lecendreux Michel"
Article Synopsis
- * The review included 20 studies with a total of 2,232 participants, showing common patterns of hypoperfusion in certain brain regions during rest and hyperperfusion during cognitive tasks in those with ADHD.
- * Key findings indicate that while certain areas like the prefrontal cortex often experience reduced blood flow at rest, other regions may show increased blood flow during tasks, suggesting the need for further research to understand these variations better.
Article Synopsis
- * Researchers analyzed data from over 1500 patients and found that women reported higher sleepiness on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale compared to men, with specific age-related trends observed in different patient groups.
- * Notably, in women with narcoleptic conditions, an increase in daytime sleepiness was linked to age, while weight gain appeared later, suggesting a complex relationship that warrants further research for targeted treatment approaches.
PET Study of Microglial Activation in Kleine-Levin Syndrome.
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
July 2024
Article Synopsis
- Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare disorder characterized by recurring episodes of excessive sleepiness and cognitive/behavioral issues, potentially linked to inflammation, prompting a study on microglia activation using PET imaging.
- Researchers conducted PET scans on KLS patients and controls, focusing on specific brain regions to measure microglial activation and compare conditions during symptomatic and asymptomatic phases.
- The study found no significant differences in microglial activation between KLS patients and controls or between symptomatic and asymptomatic periods, suggesting a lack of neuroinflammation in KLS and indicating the need for further research on potential biomarkers.
Article Synopsis
- Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is linked to the loss of orexin-producing neurons in the hypothalamus, potentially due to an immune response, but past studies showed no inflammation during later stages of the disease.
- This research investigated microglia density in the hypothalamus and thalamus of NT1 patients using PET imaging, compared to control subjects, while also exploring relationships between microglial activity and disease factors like duration and severity.
- Results indicated no significant differences in microglial density between NT1 patients and controls in the hypothalamus and thalamus, but lower overall brain microglial activity was observed in NT1 patients, raising questions about the disease's immune mechanisms and its onset
Article Synopsis
- The study focused on how sodium oxybate treatment (SXB) affects BMI in children with narcolepsy and cataplexy through a randomized and controlled approach over a year or more.
- Results showed that among participants who had not previously taken SXB, their BMI percentile significantly decreased, with most overweight participants shifting to normal weight status.
- In contrast, participants already on SXB at the start of the study experienced a smaller decrease in BMI percentile, with some still transitioning to a healthier weight category.
Article Synopsis
- * The study analyzed over 6,000 NT1 cases and identified new genetic associations (e.g., CD207, NAB1) tied to immune response, particularly involving T cells.
- * Results suggest that genetic factors in NT1 also relate to other autoimmune diseases, indicating a shared immune mechanism influenced by environmental factors like infections and vaccinations.
Article Synopsis
- Narcolepsy is a chronic condition causing excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy, often beginning in childhood, and pitolisant is a medication used to treat it, recently studied for its effects on children aged 6-17.
- This phase 3 study was a double-blind, randomized trial conducted in 11 sleep centers across five countries, focusing on the drug's safety and effectiveness in managing narcolepsy symptoms in young patients.
- Researchers measured the improvement in narcolepsy symptoms using the Ullanlinna Narcolepsy Scale (UNS), comparing the results of those treated with pitolisant to those given a placebo over a structured treatment period.
Article Synopsis
- Narcolepsy typically starts in childhood, but there are limited medication options for young patients; Pitolisant, approved for adults, shows potential benefits for children and adolescents with narcolepsy.
- A study involving 55 patients aged 6-18 from three European centers assessed the effects of Pitolisant on symptoms, finding significant reductions in excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy frequency.
- The treatment was generally well-tolerated, with mild side effects, primarily short-term insomnia, indicating that Pitolisant could be a promising option for managing narcolepsy in younger patients.
Article Synopsis
- NLS-3, the (R, R) enantiomer of phacetoperane, is a psychostimulant similar to methylphenidate, and was used in the late 1950s for treating obesity and depression.
- Recent studies show that NLS-3 has a favorable binding profile and better benefit/risk balance compared to other stimulant medications, leading to its use in a significant number of children and adolescents with ADHD.
- The findings suggest that NLS-3 could serve as a safer and more effective treatment option for ADHD patients.
Article Synopsis
- - The study examines the link between sleep disturbances and ADHD symptoms, finding that both issues often occur together and can negatively affect quality of life over time.
- - Researchers followed a sample of French parents (1,055) over 9 years, assessing their children's ADHD symptoms and sleep disturbances at ages 9, 13, and 18, using complex statistical models to explore the direction of the relationship.
- - Results indicate that sleep problems at age 13 led to more ADHD symptoms by age 18, while ADHD symptoms at age 9 contributed to sleep issues by age 13, emphasizing the need for interventions that address both conditions.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to investigate the impact of a 2-month quarantine on children and adolescents with narcolepsy, focusing on their sleep, mood, and metabolism changes.
- The research involved 77 participants aged 7 to 23, who provided insights into how their daily habits and overall health were affected during this period through questionnaires.
- Results indicated alterations in sleep patterns, treatment and food intake, as well as a decline in memory and attention, while mood changes were less significant, affecting only about one-third of participants.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to assess the long-term effectiveness and safety of sodium oxybate (SXB) for treating narcolepsy with cataplexy in kids and teens aged 7-16 years.* -
- A total of 106 participants were enrolled, with 85 completing the study; the results showed that SXB maintained its efficacy, particularly in reducing weekly cataplexy attacks and improving sleepiness throughout the follow-up period.* -
- The treatment was generally well-tolerated, with some reported side effects including nausea and dizziness, but overall, the safety profile was similar to what has been observed in adults.*
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the prevalence and impact of rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep disorders in adults with narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia compared to healthy individuals.
- It found that while NREM parasomnias were generally rare, sleep-related eating disorder was notably more common in narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) patients and linked to disrupted sleep patterns.
- Conversely, REM sleep behavior disorder was frequently reported in NT1 patients, often causing significant nighttime disruptions and associated with male sex and depressive symptoms.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how the severity of ADHD, ODD, and anxiety in children changed during a two-month lockdown in France and how behavioral regulation influences these changes.
- There were 235 children with ADHD involved, whose symptoms were assessed at different intervals throughout the lockdown and after its end.
- The results suggest that children's baseline behavioral regulation skills can influence the persistence or reduction of ADHD, ODD, and anxiety symptoms as a result of the lockdown.
Article Synopsis
- Narcolepsy is a rare sleep disorder believed to be autoimmune, demanding ongoing treatment, and this paper offers guidelines for managing the condition in both adults and children.
- A task force of 18 specialists evaluated over 10,000 references to create evidence-based recommendations, which include treatment options like scheduled naps and medications such as modafinil and sodium oxybate.
- The guidelines emphasize personalized treatment based on individual symptoms and circumstances, highlighting the importance of both non-drug and drug approaches in managing narcolepsy effectively.
Article Synopsis
- Narcolepsy is a rare disorder often requiring lifelong treatment, and this paper provides evidence-based guidelines for managing the condition in both adults and children.
- A task force of narcolepsy specialists used systematic literature reviews to develop recommendations for treating symptoms like excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy, focusing on different medication options and strategies.
- The guidelines emphasize tailored treatment plans based on individual symptoms, comorbidities, and drug interaction risks, reflecting an increasing range of effective treatments available for narcolepsy.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to validate the Pediatric Narcolepsy Severity Scale (NSS-P) for measuring symptoms in children and adolescents with narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), replacing the adult version's driving-related item.
- A total of 209 participants aged 6-17 were involved, with 160 completing the NSS-P fully; results showed the NSS-P has strong psychometric properties and effectively captures symptom severity changes linked to treatment.
- Findings indicated the NSS-P could reliably distinguish between severity levels of NT1 and was associated with other symptoms like sleepiness and depression, supporting its use in clinical assessments.
Article Synopsis
- A study finds that using a mix of certain medications can help reduce sleep apnea by making the airway less likely to collapse, indicating that balancing sympathetic and parasympathetic activity may improve symptoms.
- The research also looks at how heart rate variability (HRV) differs in kids with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during various sleep stages, aiming to understand OSA's impact on HRV.
- It concludes that children with more flexible airways exhibit lower sympathetic activity, suggesting that treatments aimed at correcting the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic systems should be explored for childhood OSA.
Article Synopsis
- - The study reviews the link between narcolepsy, a rare sleep disorder, and psychosis in both children and adults, highlighting diagnostic and therapeutic challenges related to their relationship.
- - Researchers identified three groups: typical narcoleptics with mild hallucinations, atypical narcoleptics with severe hallucinations and delusions, and those with comorbid schizophrenia who exhibit psychotic symptoms independent of sleep.
- - Findings suggest that psychostimulants for narcolepsy can exacerbate psychotic symptoms, and there may be a potential relationship between early-onset narcolepsy and schizophrenia due to overlapping neurodevelopmental factors, leading to the proposal of a clinical management algorithm.
Article Synopsis
- - Kleine-Levin syndrome (KLS) is a rare disorder causing severe episodes of sleepiness, cognitive issues, and changes in behavior, with unclear causes linked to brain activity and difficult births.
- - A global study identified a significant genetic association (rs71947865) related to KLS, particularly prevalent in patients with difficult birth histories and previously connected to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
- - Despite variations in findings across different sample sizes, the research highlights potential genetic and environmental factors, specifically involving circadian rhythms, that may contribute to the risk of developing KLS.
Article Synopsis
- There has been a global rise in narcolepsy type-1 (NT1) cases since the 2009-2010 H1N1 influenza pandemic, particularly noticeable in 2010, where incidence rates spiked by 2.54 times.
- This increase affected both children (2.75-fold) and adults (2.43-fold), with a subsequent rise specific to children/ adolescents in 2013 (2.09-fold) linked to an immune response rather than the vaccination.
- The findings suggest that the post-pandemic increase in NT1 may be related to both the H1N1 virus and potentially other viral factors, highlighting the need for further research into the immune mechanisms involved in narcolepsy
Article Synopsis
- The study compared symptoms and sleep characteristics in patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy diagnosed before and after age 18, using questionnaires and sleep studies on 46 children and 46 adults.
- Results showed that children exhibited more obesity, night eating, parasomnia, sleep talking, and sleep drunkenness, while adults experienced more sleep paralysis and lower overall quality of life.
- Despite these differences, both groups reported similar levels of sleepiness and cataplexy, highlighting the need for timely diagnosis in children based on their unique symptom profiles.
Article Synopsis
- The European initiative aims to enhance the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), specifically focusing on central disorders of hypersomnolence.
- The goal is to create a classification system rooted in neurobiological causes to improve treatment, prevention, and potentially cure sleep disorders.
- Proposed changes include a new hierarchical classification with three diagnostic categories (Narcolepsy, Idiopathic hypersomnia, and Idiopathic excessive sleepiness) that emphasizes levels of diagnostic certainty and the role of tests like the MSLT.