[The role of surface and transmembrane potentials in copper binding by Escherichia coli cells].

Cu2+-induced accumulation of Mg2+ ions by E. coli cells has been studied. The accumulation was demonstrated to take place only when the cell had endogenous energy resources.

[Endotoxemia as a problem of clinical surgery].

The authors have formulated a modern concept of endotoxicosis. The ideas of its essence were formed on the clinical model of the severe associated mechanical trauma. Principles of the complex treatment of endotoxicosis are described.

[Digital subtraction angiography in the diagnosis of emergency neurosurgical states].

Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used in the examination of 203 patients with various forms of acute diseases and injuries of the brain. The method of the examination is described and its advantages and shortcomings in each type of pathology are revealed. DSA meets the requirements placed upon angiographic examination of patients with acute diseases of the brain and craniocerebral injury and may be used successfully in the diagnosis of emergency neurosurgical conditions.

[Prevention of ultraviolet insufficiency after a long stay by humans in an isolation chamber].

The purpose of this study was to investigate biological effects of various regimens of ultraviolet irradiation in order to prevent UV insufficiency in men long kept in an enclosure. The subjects were kept for 60 days under artificial illumination in a Moscow laboratory in winter time. Two different regimens of UV irradiation were used and compared: 20 exposures at a dose of 0.

[ECG changes in ruptured cerebral aneurysm].

With ECG of the patients with arterial brain aneurysms ruptures analyzed in the pre- and postsurgical periods, 5 characteristic types of changes could be identified. Functional (secondary) nature of ECG changes was established and their dependence on the severity of the patients' state, aneurysm localization, disease duration, presence of angiospasm and intracranial hematoma were evidenced. The increase in the markedness of ECG disorders did not correspond to hemodynamic impairment.

[Clinico-anatomic correlations in traumatic ventricular hemorrhage].

A total of 265 patients with intracerebroventricular hemorrhages were investigated for correlation between clinical manifestations and craniographic, echoencephaloscopic and cerebral angiographic data and brain pathomorphology. Intracerebroventricular hemorrhages were found in cases of severe craniocerebral trauma complicated, as a rule, with skull bones fractures, polar-basal cantusional foci, and intracerebral (rarely meningeal) hematomas. Relationship was established between the severity of craniocerebral lesions and intesites of intracerebroventricular hemorrhages which varied in character depending on the volume of adjacent intracerebral hemorrhage and the area covered by contusional polar-basal foci.

[Prognosis of the outcome of early surgery of rupture of arterial aneurysm of the brain].

The prognostic significance of 10 preoperative and 3 intraoperative factors was studied. The severity of the patient's condition, the EEG changes, an intracranial hematoma, and correspondence of the region of the operation with the zone of the vascular spasm were the most informative preoperative signs of the prognosis of the outcome of early operations. Bleeding during the operation and the duration of the arrest of the blood flow in the main vessel were the most informative intraoperative signs.

[Characteristics of the toxic action of a highly disperse copper powder on the energy processes in Escherichia coli B].

The role of changes in incubation medium, connected with electrochemical dissolution of fine copper powder (FCP), in efficiency of copper inhibition of energy-dependent proton efflux from E. coli was studied. In conditions of aeration of bacterial suspension in water, toxic properties of FCP can be modelled by dispersed hydrogen peroxide.

[Age and ventricular secretion in healthy men].

Gastric secretion was evaluated in 821 male inpatients aged 18-55 years with unaffected gastrointestinal, nervous and endocrine systems. With age, there was a tendency to increasing manufacture of gastric juice, hydrochloric acid, pepsin and gastric mucoprotein in 70% of the examinees. Reaching its maximum at the age of 25, the secretion remained stable for the following 15 years, progressively reducing thereafter.

[Modifications of cytochemical methods of detecting alkaline and acid phosphatase activities of leukocytes].

Wide use of the detection of the leukocytic alkaline and acid phosphatase (AIP and AP) activities by the azo coupling method has necessitated the development of rational modifications of the routine methods. When staining just few smears, it is recommended that the neutrophilic AIP activity be detected by applying the incubation medium onto the filter paper covering the blood smear; such a modification, used for the staining of 1-6 blood smears, reduces the reagent consumption by 5-6 times and is time-saving. The modification of the method for the detection of the leukocytic AP activity involves the use of the diazole blue O stain manufactured in this country; the acetate-veronal buffer (containing sodium diethylbarbital) is replaced by citrate buffer, pH 6.

[Phenotypic correction of the immune response by L-tyrosine in mice reacting oppositely to sheep erythrocytes].

The possibility of transversion of low-reacting mice into high-reacting ones evaluated by the application of the natural immunostimulators. L-tyrosine and thymic polypeptides (taktivin) were compared by their ability for the phenotypical correction of the immune response of the oppositely reacting mice. It was established that under the application of L-tyrosine to oppositely reacting mice the phenotypical correction of the immune response is possible.

[Modification of the regulatory effects of thymocytes on hematopoiesis in irradiated mice as affected by heterologous immunoglobulin G and low-dose ionizing radiation].

The administration of heterologous immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or exposure of mouse thymocyte donors to 1 and 2 Gy radiation were shown to change the regulatory effects of thymus lymphocytes on the recovery of haemopoiesis in syngeneic recipients irradiated with a median lethal dose of 6 Gy. Thymocytes of exposed (2 Gy) donors produced a stimulatory effect on the restoration of the myelokaryocytes number and increased the number of endogenous splenic colonies and bone marrow CFUs in animals exposed to a median lethal dose, whereas the administration of IgG to thymocyte donors given 2 Gy eliminated the stimulatory effect of thymocytes on the number of myelokaryocytes, and the amount of CFUs in irradiated recipients decreased.

[The effect of surface and membrane potential on 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate binding with E. coli membrane].

Dependence of ANS fluorescence on the surface potential of E. coli under lowered resistance of the bacterial membrane and after application of the positive diffusion potential inside the cell was investigated. It was shown that in the absence of the latter ANS binding in de-energised bacteria occurs mainly at the outside surface.

[The opiate mechanism of transcranial electroanalgesia in rats and mice].

In partially restrained alert rats and mice, the opioid mechanism of the transcranial electroanalgesia was investigated. Naloxone (0.5-2.

[Transcranial electroanalgesia in rats: an optimal regimen of electrical stimuli].

According to earlier experimental results in rabbits the maximal analgesic effect in rats as determined by vocalization test was elicited by transcranial application of combination of direct current and rectangular pulses (70 Hz, 3.0-3.5 ms) with optimal ratio of amplitudes of direct and mean pulse currents being about 2:1.

[Determination of the antigenic activity of diphtheria anatoxin in liquid and sorbed preparations using an erythrocyte diphtheria antigen (anatoxin) diagnostic agent].

On the basis of the experimentally established dependence of the degree of binding of diphtheria toxoid with standard diphtheria antitoxin on the duration of their joint incubation with the maximum binding occurring in 3-4 hours of incubation at 37 degrees C, the method of the in vitro determination of the antigenic activity of diphtheria toxoid in liquid and adsorbed preparations is proposed. The method is based on the principle of double binding with the use of diphtheria antigenic (toxoid) erythrocyte diagnosticum. The antigenic activity of diphtheria toxoid, evaluated by the degree of its maximum binding with diphtheria antitoxin, correlated with its antitoxin-binding activity in animal experiments and did not correlate with its flocculating activity.

[Surgical treatment of intracranial hematoma in the acute period of rupture of cerebral aneurysm].

The authors analyse the results of surgical treatment of intracranial hematomas in the acute period of ruptures of arterial aneurysms in 38 patients. The surgical tactics and volume of surgical intervention are determined according to the rate of the clinical manifestations of the hematoma and the severity of the patients' condition. Rupture of the hematoma into the ventricles of the brain and a hematoma more than 60 cm3 in volume are of unfavourable prognostic significance in ruptures of aneurysms attended by the formation of a hematoma.

[Recurrent hemorrhage in rupture of intracranial arterial aneurysms in the acute period].

An analysis of the course of the acute period of subarachnoidal hemorrhages has shown that in 26.5% of cases there were repeated hemorrhages, the mortality rate of such patients being 69.3%.