Malignancy in giant cell tumor of bone: analysis of an open-label phase 2 study of denosumab.

Background: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is a rare osteoclastogenic stromal tumor. GCTB can rarely undergo malignant transformation. This post hoc analysis evaluated and classified malignancies in patients with GCTB who received denosumab.

Denosumab Treatment for Giant Cell Tumor of the Spine Including the Sacrum.

Study Design: This was a subanalysis of an international, multicenter, open-label study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of denosumab in a subset of patients with giant cell tumors of bone (GCTB) of the spine including the sacrum from an international, open-label, single-arm, phase 2 study (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00680992).

Denosumab in patients with giant-cell tumour of bone: a multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study.

Background: Giant-cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a rare, locally aggressive osteoclastogenic stromal tumour of the bone. This phase 2 study aimed to assess the safety and activity of denosumab in patients with surgically salvageable or unsalvageable GCTB.

Methods: In this multicentre, open-label, phase 2 study done at 30 sites in 12 countries we enrolled adults and skeletally mature adolescents (aged ≥12 years) weighing at least 45 kg with histologically confirmed and radiographically measurable GCTB, Karnofsky performance status 50% or higher (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status 0, 1, or 2), and measurable active disease within 1 year of study enrolment.

Oncologic Accuracy of Image-guided Percutaneous Core-Needle Biopsy of Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors at a High-volume Sarcoma Center.

Objectives: Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are clinically heterogenous, comprising benign (BPNST) and malignant (MPNST) variants. BPNSTs can be managed with nerve-sparing excision or observation. MPNSTs require radical resection and multidisciplinary oncologic management (1, 15).

A Rare Anatomical Variant of Unilateral Piriformis Muscle Agenesis: A Case Report.

Anatomical variation of neuromuscular structures of the gluteal region is common. The piriformis muscle, in particular, has an important relationship with the sciatic nerve and may be associated with distinct clinical conditions. We report an incidental finding of unilateral piriformis muscle agenesis diagnosed on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, a rare anatomical variant of the gluteal region.

Increased signal in the proximal patellar tendon: normal or pathologic?

Objective: To determine the clinical significance of T2 signal hyperintensity in the proximal patellar tendon seen on MRI of the knee.

Materials And Methods: MRIs of 100 patients who underwent MRI of the knee between 1 May 2018 and 15 July 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. All examinations were performed on 3-Tesla MRI scanners with a dedicated knee coil and in accordance with our institution's standard knee MRI protocol.

Intraneural Hemangioma: Case Report of a Rare Tibial Nerve Lesion.

An intraneural hemangioma is a rare, benign mesodermal lesion. We present a case of a three-year-old female with the inability to straighten her right knee and fullness over the right popliteal fossa for one year. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated a T2 hyperintense lesion of the popliteal fossa, within the tibial nerve.

Assessment of denosumab treatment effects and imaging response in patients with giant cell tumor of bone.

Background: Denosumab has been shown to reduce tumor size and progression, reform mineralized bone, and increase intralesional bone density in patients with giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB); however, radiologic assessment of tumors in bone is challenging. The study objective was to assess tumor response to denosumab using three different imaging parameters in a prespecified analysis in patients with GCTB from two phase 2 studies.

Methods: The studies enrolled adults and adolescents (skeletally mature and at least 12 years of age) with radiographically measurable GCTB that were given denosumab 120 mg every 4 weeks, with additional doses on days 8 and 15 of cycle 1.

Efficacy of intraarticular corticosteroid hip injections for osteoarthritis and subsequent surgery.

Objective: Our study aimed to determine the duration of pain relief from intraarticular hip corticosteroid injections and identify patient predictive factors on injection response. We also sought to determine the subsequent rate of hip surgery and whether severity of hip osteoarthritis or injection response correlated with the decision to undergo surgery.

Materials And Methods: All intraarticular hip steroid injections performed for osteoarthritis under fluoroscopic guidance at a single institution between January 2010 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.

Is Core Needle Biopsy Reliable in Differentiating Between Aggressive Benign and Malignant Radiolucent Bone Tumors?

Background: Although there is widespread acceptance of core needle biopsy (CNB) for diagnosing solid tumors, there is reluctance by some clinicians to use CNB for aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) as a result of concerns of safety (bleeding, nerve injury, fracture, readmission, or infection) and reliability, particularly to rule out malignant diagnoses like telangiectatic osteosarcoma. This is especially true when CNB tissue is sent from an outside hospital, where the technique used to obtain the tissue may be spurious.

Questions/purposes: (1) Is CNB effective (provided adequate information to indicate appropriate surgical treatment without further open biopsy) as an initial diagnostic test for ABC? (2) Is CNB accurate (pathology consistent with the subsequent definitive surgical pathologic diagnosis) in differentiating between benign lesions such as primary or secondary ABCs and malignant radiolucent lesions such as telangiectatic osteosarcoma? (3) What are the complications of CNB? (4) Is there any difference in the effectiveness or accuracy of CNB performed at outside institutions when compared with a referral center?

Methods: A retrospective study of our musculoskeletal tumor board pathology database (1990-2016) was performed using search criteria "aneurysmal bone cyst" or "telangiectatic osteosarcoma.

Unique Case of Disseminated Plague With Multifocal Osteomyelitis.

Plague is a disease caused by Yersinia pestis. Septicemic and pneumonic plague have a high mortality rate if untreated. Here we describe the challenges of accurately diagnosing a nonfatal pediatric case of septicemic plague with involvement of multiple organs; to our knowledge, the first documented case of multifocal plague osteomyelitis.

Relationship of ACL Injury and Posterior Tibial Slope With Patient Age, Sex, and Race.

Background: Posterior tibial slope (PTS) has been proposed as a potential risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; however, studies that have examined this relationship have provided inconclusive and sometimes contradictory results. Further characterization of this relationship may enable the medical community to identify individuals at greater risk for ACL injury and possibly characterize an anatomic target during surgical reconstruction.

Purpose: The primary goal was to investigate the relationship between PTS and ACL injury.

Synovial Tumors and Proliferative Diseases.

The clinical diagnosis of synovial tumors and synovial proliferative processes is difficult, as symptoms and physical examination findings are often nonspecific. Advanced imaging modalities, such as MRI, high-resolution ultrasound, and computed tomography, can aid clinical decision-making by providing accurate diagnosis of such diseases in many cases. This article focuses on those specific imaging features of synovial tumors and proliferative processes that can provide accurate diagnosis and guide appropriate patient management.

Magnetic resonance arthrography and the prevalence of acetabular labral tears in patients 50 years of age and older.

Objective: Arthroscopy for acetabular labral tears has minimal impact on pain and function in older patients, especially in the setting of concomitant osteoarthritis. Still, many physicians seek this diagnosis with MR arthrography. Our purpose is to assess the frequency of acetabular labral tears in older patients with hip pain and correlate likelihood of labral pathology with severity of osteoarthritis as visualized on conventional radiograph.

Surgical downstaging in an open-label phase II trial of denosumab in patients with giant cell tumor of bone.

Background: Surgical resection with curative intent for giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) may be associated with severe morbidity. This interim analysis evaluated reduction in surgical invasiveness after denosumab treatment in patients with resectable GCTB.

Methods: Patients with primary or recurrent GCTB, for whom the initially planned surgery was associated with functional compromise or morbidity, received denosumab 120 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks (additional doses on days 8 and 15 of the first cycle).

Success rates for computed tomography-guided musculoskeletal biopsies performed using a low-dose technique.

Objective: To evaluate the success rate of a low-dose (50% mAs reduction) computed tomography (CT) biopsy technique. This protocol was adopted based on other successful reduced-CT radiation dose protocols in our department, which were implemented in conjunction with quality improvement projects.

Materials And Methods: The technique included a scout view and initial localizing scan with standard dose.

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma: MRI features and literature review.

Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) represents a rare subclassification of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). We present a case of a 21-year-old female who presented with a 1-month history of pain in the left buttock and hip, tender left inguinal lymph nodes, fevers, and night sweats. Percutaneous core needle biopsy was diagnostic for SPTCL with CD8+ cells positive for cytotoxic granules.

Intra-articular calcifications following arthroscopic ACL reconstruction: prevalence and possible significance.

Purpose: The goal of our study was to determine the frequency of intra-articular calcifications on initial postoperative radiographs following arthroscopic ACL reconstruction, describe their appearance, hypothesize their etiology, and determine their significance.

Materials And Methods: Review of records and post-operative radiographs for individuals undergoing arthroscopic ACL reconstruction at our institution identified 758 knees between November 2002 and April 2010. All patients underwent femoral and tibial tunnel drilling regardless of graft source.

Safety and efficacy of denosumab for adults and skeletally mature adolescents with giant cell tumour of bone: interim analysis of an open-label, parallel-group, phase 2 study.

Background: Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a very rare, aggressive, and progressive osteolytic tumour for which no standard medicinal treatment or chemotherapy exists. We report interim safety and efficacy results from a phase 2 study of denosumab in patients with GCTB.

Methods: We did an international, open-label, parallel-group, phase 2 trial of patients with histologically confirmed GCTB and radiographically measurable active disease.

Correlation of MRI grading of bone stress injuries with clinical risk factors and return to play: a 5-year prospective study in collegiate track and field athletes.

Background: Bone stress injuries are common in track and field athletes. Knowledge of risk factors and correlation of these to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) grading could be helpful in determining recovery time.

Purpose: To examine the relationships between MRI grading of bone stress injuries with clinical risk factors and time to return to sport in collegiate track and field athletes.

Image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy of musculoskeletal tumors in children.

The use of image-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (PCNB) to obtain tissue diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesions has become the standard of care in adult patients with a success rate of over 80%. Previous reports indicate a similar success rate in diagnosing pediatric solid tumors. In this large study, we analyzed >10 years of data in which PCNB was used for tissue diagnosis of musculoskeletal lesions in children; we evaluated the histopathologic accuracy, anesthetic requirements, and complications of these procedures.

Imaging of the shoulder: a comparison of MRI and ultrasound.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is well established as a powerful imaging modality for the shoulder. In the last decade, ultrasound has emerged as an effective imaging option, alongside MRI, for evaluation of the shoulder. With MRI and ultrasound, clinicians now have two viable advanced imaging options for the diagnostic evaluation of shoulder pain.