Background: Humans are commonly exposed to multiple environmental chemicals, including tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA; a flame retardant), triclosan (an antimicrobial agent), and bisphenol A (BPA; polycarbonate plastics). These chemicals are readily absorbed and may interact with each other.
Objectives: We sought to determine whether TBBPA, given alone or in combination with triclosan, can modulate the concentrations of BPA and 17β-estradiol (E2).