Coping strategies of food insecure households with children and adolescents in Uruguay, a high-income Latin American country: A qualitative study through the lens of Bourdieu's theories of capitals and practice.

Food insecurity has been associated with negative short, medium, and long-term health consequences, which are more detrimental for children and adolescents. These effects may depend on the coping strategies developed to deal with food shortages. The present research aimed at exploring coping strategies in food insecure households with children and adolescents in Uruguay, incorporating sociological theoretical insights from Bourdieu.

Parent Experiences With Warning Labels After Policy Implementation in Uruguay.

Objective: To explore the perception and experiences of parents of children and adolescents during the first year of the mandatory implementation of nutritional warning labels in Uruguay.

Design: Qualitative research based on semistructured interviews.

Setting: Montevideo, Uruguay.

Health-Washing of Ultraprocessed Products on Instagram: Prevalence and Strategies in an Emerging Market.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of health-related cues as part of the digital marketing of ultraprocessed foods on Instagram among food companies in Uruguay.

Methods: Cross-sectional exploratory study. All content posted by 118 Instagram accounts of companies promoting ultraprocessed foods in Uruguay over 6 months (from August 2020 to February 2021) was retrieved.

Use of nutritional warning labels at the point of purchase: An exploratory study using self-reported measures and eye-tracking.

Nutritional warning labels are gaining relevance in the region of the Americas as a policy tool to reduce information asymmetry and encourage healthier food choices. However, empirical evidence about consumer experiences with warning labels after implementation is still scarce. In this context, the aim of the present work was to explore the use of nutritional warning labels after policy implementation in Uruguay, using a combination of eye-tracking and self-reported data.

The content of Instagram posts featuring ultra-processed products through the lens of the heuristic-systematic model.

Digital marketing has seen a rapid rise in the last decade as a consequence of the increased popularity of social media. However, few studies so far have analyzed the prevalence and persuasive power of digital marketing of ultra-processed products. The present study aimed at: (i) analyzing the content of Instagram posts of ultra-processed products through the lens of the heuristic-systematic model, and (ii) evaluating the influence of the content of the posts on user interactions.

Health-related cues on the packages of processed and ultra-processed products: prevalence and policy implications.

The information included on food packages has a crucial role in influencing consumer product associations and purchase decisions. In particular, visual and textual cues on processed and ultra-processed products can convey health-related associations that influence consumer healthiness perception and purchase decisions. In this context, the present work aimed to explore the use of health-related cues on the packages of processed and ultra-processed products sold in Uruguay to provide insights for policy making.

A Qualitative Exploration of Parents' Food Choices During Early Childhood.

Objective: To explore parents' accounts of the goals they seek when choosing foods for their young children through the lens of goal-systems theory.

Design: In-depth interviews with parents of children aged from 6 months to 5 years.

Setting: Montevideo, Uruguay.

The contributions of civil society to food security in the context of COVID-19: a qualitative exploration in Uruguay.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore and analyse the actions implemented by civil society to contribute to food security in the context of the COVID-19 outbreak in Uruguay, a high-income country in South America.

Design: An exploratory systematic approach was used to identify the contributions of civil society to food security through reports in news websites and Facebook posts. Data were analysed based on content analysis following a deductive-inductive approach.

Do nutritional warnings encourage healthier choices on food ordering websites? An exploratory experimental study in Uruguay.

Objective: To evaluate if the inclusion of nutritional warnings in food ordering websites can discourage consumers from purchasing foods with excessive content of nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases (NCD).

Design: Participants were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental conditions: control (n 225) or nutritional warnings (n 222). Nutritional warnings corresponded to separate black octagonal signs containing the word 'Excess' followed by the corresponding nutrient: total fat, saturated fat, sugars and sodium.

The heuristics that guide healthiness perception of ultra-processed foods: a qualitative exploration.

Objective: To explore the conceptualisation of healthy food by citizens and how they judge the healthiness of ultra-processed foods.

Design: Four focus groups were conducted using a semi-structured discussion guide. Focus group discussions were held about the concept of healthy food, what characterise a healthy product and healthiness perception of ultra-processed products.

The habitual nature of food purchases at the supermarket: Implications for policy making.

Supermarkets have become the most important provider of food products worldwide. However, empirical evidence about how consumers make their food purchase decisions in this environment is still scarce. The present field study aimed to: i) explore how people make their in-store food purchases, and ii) identify the information they search for when making those purchases.

Uruguayan Citizens' Perception of Messages to Promote Healthy Eating Through the Use of Nutritional Warnings.

Objective: To explore the specific type of messages people consider most appropriate for a mass communication campaign aimed to promote healthy eating in the context of the implementation of nutritional warnings.

Design: Online study including multiple-choice and open-ended questions.

Setting: Uruguay, 1 of the Latin American countries with the highest prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Social representations of breastfeeding and infant formula: An exploratory study with mothers and health professionals to inform policy making.

Although several efforts to promote breastfeeding have been implemented worldwide, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life remains low. One of the factors responsible for this trend is the widespread sales and marketing of breast-milk substitutes. In this context, the present work aimed at exploring mothers and health professionals' social representations of breastfeeding and infant formula.

How Can We Motivate People to Use Nutritional Warnings in Decision Making? Citizen Co-Created Insights for the Development of Communication Campaigns.

Nutritional warnings are intended to enable citizens to make informed choice by clearly identifying food products with excessive content of nutrients associated with noncommunicable diseases. The efficacy of this public policy is expected to improve if accompanied by communication campaigns that raise awareness of the existence of nutritional warnings, as well as encourage citizens to take them into account in decision making. Because ordinary citizens have been shown to generate significantly more creative and valuable ideas than advanced users and professional developers, the aim of the present work was to obtain qualitative, citizen co-created insights for the design of a communication campaign.

Does message framing matter for promoting the use of nutritional warnings in decision making?

Objective: To evaluate the impact of message framing on attitudes towards messages aimed at promoting the use of nutritional warnings, behavioural intention and actual behaviour, evaluated through visual attention to nutritional warnings and the choice of a snack product during a real choice task.

Design: Following a between-subjects design, participants were exposed to loss-framed nutrition messages, gain-framed nutrition messages or non-nutrition-related messages (control group). After evaluating the messages, participants were asked to select a snack product as a compensation for their participation.

Influence of nutritional warnings and other label features on consumers' choice: Results from an eye-tracking study.

Nutritional warnings highlighting products with high content of nutrients associated with non-communicable diseases have emerged as a potentially efficient alternative to discourage consumption of unhealthful products. However, the relative influence of this front-of-pack nutrition information scheme compared to other label features is still under researched. In this context, the aim of the present work was to study the influence of nutritional warnings and other information commonly displayed on food labels to convey health associations on consumers' choice and visual attention.

Relative Impact of Nutritional Warnings and Other Label Features on Cereal Bar Healthfulness Evaluations.

Objective: To investigate the relative influence of nutritional warnings and 2 marketing strategies commonly used in food labels, nutrient claims, and fruit images on consumers' healthfulness judgments.

Design: Labels of cereal bars were designed according to a full factorial design with 3 2-level variables: images of fruit (with vs without), nutrient claims about the fiber content (with vs without), and nutritional warnings about excessive content of sugar and saturated fat (with vs without).

Setting: Experiment conducted in Montevideo, Uruguay.

Traffic Light System Can Increase Healthfulness Perception: Implications for Policy Making.

Objective: To evaluate how information about low nutrient content included in the traffic light labeling system influences consumers' perception of the healthfulness of products with high content of 1 key nutrient, and to compare the traffic light system with warnings in terms of the perception of healthfulness.

Design: Images of front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labels (the traffic light labeling system with different numbers of nutrients with low content, and warnings) were evaluated in study 1, whereas product labels featuring the different FOP nutrition labels were evaluated in study 2.

Setting: Online studies conducted in Montevideo, Uruguay.

Product reformulation in the context of nutritional warning labels: Exploration of consumer preferences towards food concepts in three food categories.

The reformulation of the food products available in the marketplace to improve their nutritional quality has been identified as one of the most cost-effective policies for controlling the global obesity pandemic. Front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labelling is one of the strategies that has been suggested to encourage the food industry to reformulate their products. However, the extent to which certain FOP labels can encourage product reformulation is dependent on consumer reaction.

Consumer accounts of favourable dietary behaviour change and comparison with official dietary guidelines.

Objective: The current study aimed to assess Uruguayan consumers' accounts of their own need to change their dietary patterns, their intended changes and the barriers related to doing so, and to compare the intentions and barriers with the recommendations of the national dietary guidelines.

Design: An online survey with 2381 Uruguayan employed adults, aged between 18 and 65 years, 65 % females, was conducted. Participants had to answer two open-ended questions related to changes they could make in the foods they eat and/or the way in which they eat to improve the quality of their diet and the reasons why they had not implemented those changes yet.

Does a time constraint modify results from rating-based conjoint analysis? Case study with orange/pomegranate juice bottles.

People do not usually process all the available information on packages for making their food choices and rely on heuristics for making their decisions, particularly when having limited time. However, in most consumer studies encourage participants to invest a lot of time for making their choices. Therefore, imposing a time-constraint in consumer studies may increase their ecological validity.

Does front-of-pack nutrition information improve consumer ability to make healthful choices? Performance of warnings and the traffic light system in a simulated shopping experiment.

The inclusion of more attention-grabbing and easily interpretable front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition information is one of the public policies that can be implemented to empower consumers to identify unhealthful food products and to make more informed food choices. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of two FOP nutrition labelling schemes - the traffic light labelling and the warning scheme - on consumer food purchases when facing a health goal. The study was conducted with 1182 people from Montevideo (Uruguay), recruited using a Facebook advertisement.

Nutrition warnings as front-of-pack labels: influence of design features on healthfulness perception and attentional capture.

Objective: Warnings are a new directive front-of-pack (FOP) nutrition labelling scheme that highlights products with high content of key nutrients. The design of warnings influences their ability to catch consumers' attention and to clearly communicate their intended meaning, which are key determinants of their effectiveness. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the influence of design features of warnings as a FOP nutrition labelling scheme on perceived healthfulness and attentional capture.