Effect of Encapsulated Purple Garlic Oil on Microvascular Function and the Components of Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study-The ENDOTALLIUM Study.

Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is associated with progressive changes contributing to clinical complications related to macro- and microvascular diseases. Garlic ( L.) and its organosulfur components have been related to beneficial cardiovascular effects and could improve endothelial function.

Different Types of Training Lead to Different Levels of Cardiovascular Energy Dissipation: Young Soccer Players Versus Ballet Dancers.

Introduction: Arterial wall viscosity is a source of energy dissipation that takes place during mechanical transduction. In our previous studies, a "global" damping effect in endurance training athletes was introduced, verifying that endurance-athletes dissipate greater pulsatile energy in the circulation compared with healthy untrained subjects.

Objective: To investigate the wall energy dissipation in the vascular bed for each beat and within the conceptual framework of ventricular-arterial coupling, in order to elucidate if different types of training could lead to differentiated levels of cardiovascular energy dissipation.

Computational clustering reveals differentiated coronary artery calcium progression at prevalent levels of pulse wave velocity by classifying high-risk patients.

Many studies found that increased arterial stiffness is significantly associated with the presence and progression of Coronary Calcium Score (CCS). However, none so far have used machine learning algorithms to improve their value. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the association between carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity (cfPWV) and CCS score through computational clustering.

Central Arterial Dynamic Evaluation from Peripheral Blood Pressure Waveforms Using CycleGAN: An In Silico Approach.

Arterial stiffness is a major condition related to many cardiovascular diseases. Traditional approaches in the assessment of arterial stiffness supported by machine learning techniques are limited to the pulse wave velocity (PWV) estimation based on pressure signals from the peripheral arteries. Nevertheless, arterial stiffness can be assessed based on the pressure-strain relationship by analyzing its hysteresis loop.

Energy Dissipation in the Arterial Wall Analyzed by Allometric Relationships.

Introduction: Allometry describes the disproportionate changes in shape, size or function that are observed when comparing separate isolated features in animals spanning a range of body sizes. Scaling of the energy dissipation has been also observed in warm blooded animals, essentially varying as mammal's body mass (BM). Part of the energy stored in the arterial wall during elastic distension corresponding to the viscous deformation is dissipated within the arterial wall.

Predictive Cardiometabolic Risk Profiling of Patients Using Vascular Age in Liver Transplantation.

Liver transplantation is the last therapeutic option in patients with end-stage liver diseases. The adequate clinical management of transplant-patients impacts their vital prognosis and decisions on many occasions are made from the interaction of multiple variables involved in the process. This work is based on the National Liver Transplantation Program in Uruguay.

A Delineator for Arterial Blood Pressure Waveform Analysis Based on a Deep Learning Technique.

A deep learning technique based on semantic segmentation was implemented into the blood pressure detection points field. Two models were trained and evaluated in terms of a reference detector. The proposed methodology outperforms the reference detector in two of the three classic benchmarks and on signals from a public database that were modified with realistic test maneuvers and artifacts.

Blood Pressure Morphology Assessment from Photoplethysmogram and Demographic Information Using Deep Learning with Attention Mechanism.

Arterial blood pressure (ABP) is an important vital sign from which it can be extracted valuable information about the subject's health. After studying its morphology it is possible to diagnose cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, so ABP routine control is recommended. The most common method of controlling ABP is the cuff-based method, from which it is obtained only the systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively).

Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare During COVID-19 Pandemic-A South American Perspective.

The shudders of the COVID-19 pandemic have projected newer challenges in the healthcare domain across the world. In South American scenario, severe issues and difficulties have been noticed in areas like patient consultations, remote monitoring, medical resources, healthcare personnel etc. This work is aimed at providing a holistic view to the digital healthcare during the times of COVID-19 pandemic in South America.

Analysis of ischaemic crisis using the informational causal entropy-complexity plane.

In the present work, an ischaemic process, mainly focused on the reperfusion stage, is studied using the informational causal entropy-complexity plane. Ischaemic wall behavior under this condition was analyzed through wall thickness and ventricular pressure variations, acquired during an obstructive flow maneuver performed on left coronary arteries of surgically instrumented animals. Basically, the induction of ischaemia depends on the temporary occlusion of left circumflex coronary artery (which supplies blood to the posterior left ventricular wall) that lasts for a few seconds.

Quantitative Vascular Evaluation: From Laboratory Experiments to Point-of-Care Patient (Experimental Approach).

This paper illustrates the evolution of our knowledge of arterial mechanics from our initial research works up to the present time. Several techniques focusing on this topic in terms of our experience are discussed. An interdisciplinary team composed by different institutions from Argentina, Uruguay, France and Spain was created to conduct research, to train human resources and to fulfill the inevitable social role of gaining access to technological innovation to improve public health.

Quantitative Vascular Evaluation: From Laboratory Experiments to Point-of-Care Patient (Clinical Approach).

To enhance the efficiency of patient-specific risk stratification and diagnosis, an assessment of arterial structural and functional changes associated to a vascular disease in both early and advanced stages have been proposed, with the objective of limiting the progression or revert vascular alterations. In this connection, an interdisciplinary international partnership made up by research institutions from France, Argentina, Uruguay and Spain was established, with the objective of contributing to the evaluation and follow-up of factors involved in the physiopathology of cardiometabolic diseases and human aging. Several studies, such as the effect of hypertension in large arteries, alterations in arterial wall viscosity, stiffness and inertia, endothelial function and vascular reactivity, cardiovascular risk improvement, vascular age assessment and cryografts vascular response evaluation were carried out as a result of this international collaboration during the last twenty-five years.

A Novel Interpretation for Arterial Pulse Pressure Amplification in Health and Disease.

Arterial pressure waves have been described in one dimension using several approaches, such as lumped (Windkessel) or distributed (using Navier-Stokes equations) models. An alternative approach consists of modeling blood pressure waves using a Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation and representing pressure waves as combinations of solitons. This model captures many key features of wave propagation in the systemic network and, in particular, pulse pressure amplification (PPA), which is a mechanical biomarker of cardiovascular risk.

A proposal to enhance Engineering education in biology and Medicine by following the legacy of René Favaloro.

The synergy amongst Engineering, Medicine and Biology evolves as fast as these disciplines. We propose to articulate these specialties based on the premise that new professionals must face different situations or crisis due to the so-called islands of excellence. René Favaloro focused his work and struggles against poverty, since malnutrition and environmental degradation may increase the propensity to cardiovascular diseases.

High pressure assessment of bilayered electrospun vascular grafts by means of an Electroforce Biodynamic System®.

Introduction: Tissue engineering offers the possibility of developing a biological substitute material in vitro with the inherent properties required in vivo. However, the inadequate performance in vascular replacement of small diameter vascular grafts (VG) reduces considerably the current alternatives in this field. In this study, a bilayered tubular VG was produced, where its mechanical response was tested at high pressure ranges and compared to a native femoral artery.

Conceptual model of arterial tree based on solitons by compartments.

Models define a simplification of reality, which help to understand function. The arterial system has been modeled in many ways: lumped models, tube models and anatomically based distributed models. In this work, arterial segments were modeled as thin nonlinear elastic tubes filled with an incompressible fluid, whose governing dynamics were denoted by the Korteweg and DeVries equation.

Similarities of arterial collagen pressure-diameter relationship in ovine femoral arteries and PLLA vascular grafts.

Introduction: In-vivo implanted vascular grafts fail due to the mechanical mismatch between the native vessel and the implant. The biomechanical characterization of native vessels provides valuable information towards the development of synthetic grafts.

Materials And Methods: Five samples of electrospun nanofibrous poly(L-lactic acid)(PLLA) tubular structures were subjected to physiological pulsating pressure using an experimental setup.

Arterial pressure fractality is highly dependent on wave reflection.

Unlabelled: Wave reflection is an important factor that influences pressure wave morphology and becomes more significant with aging, when cardiovascular risk increases. A pressure wave, measured at any location in the arterial tree, can be decomposed into its forward and backward components and depends on the corresponding amplitude and shifting time delays. Fractal dimension (FD) quantifies the time series complexity defined by its geometrical representation.

Coronary arterial stiffness is related with a loss of fractal complexity in the aortic pressure.

Unlabelled: Arterial stiffening is a common but highly variable disorder. Additionally, excessive arterial pulsatility is associated with various common diseases of aging and hypertension. Fractal dimension (FD) quantifies the time series complexity defined by its geometrical representation.

Age-related changes in reservoir and excess components of central aortic pressure in asymptomatic adults.

Study of humans aging has presented difficulties in separating the aging process from concomitant disease and/or in defining normality and abnormality during its development. In accordance with this, aging associates structural and functional changes evidenced in variations in vascular parameters witch suffer alterations during atherosclerosis and have been proposed as early markers of the disease. The absence of adequate tools to differentiate the expected (normal) vascular changes due to aging from those related with a vascular disease is not a minor issue.

Gender-related differences in the excess pressure component of central aortic pressure waveform of healthy young.

Gender-related difference in cardiovascular diseases is one of the most investigated and still unsolved issues. Finding an explanation to this topic might have important implications for the understanding of the differences between men and women in diseases and possibly lead to the development of gender-specific strategies for its management. Recent studies have proposed that the capacitive or reservoir function of the aorta and large elastic arteries plays a major role in determining the pulse wave morphology.