Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of pathogens isolated from patients with urine tract infections admitted to a university hospital in a medium-sized Brazilian city.

This study aimed to determine the antibiotic profile of microorganisms isolated from urine samples of patients with community urine tract infections (UTI) admitted to the University Hospital of the Federal University of Sao Carlos to support an appropriate local empirical treatment. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2018 to October 2020. Data from 1,528 positive urine cultures for bacterial pathogens and antibiograms were tabulated.

HDAC3 inhibition protects against peripheral and central alterations in an animal model of obesity.

Background: Obesity is a multifactorial disease with epigenetic manifestations that increases the prevalence of associated comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular dysfunction, and major depression disorder. Given the aforementioned, a search for new pharmacological alternatives for the treatment of this disease is necessary. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of histone deacetylase-3 (HDAC3) inhibition caused by RGFP966 (a benzamide-type HDAC inhibitor selective for HDAC3) administration, in an animal model of obesity induced by high-fat diet (HFD).

Epidemiological study of paediatric traumatic brain injury in Brazil.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has a high economic and social impact on the family dynamics, particularly among children. High-quality and comprehensive epidemiological studies about TBI in this population are limited worldwide, specifically in Latin America. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the epidemiology of TBI among children in Brazil and its effects on the public health system.

SmartSPR sensor: Machine learning approaches to create intelligent surface plasmon based sensors.

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based sensors allow the evaluation of aqueous and gaseous solutions from real-time measurements of molecular interactions. The reliability of the response generated by a SPR sensor must be guaranteed, especially in substance detection, diagnoses, and other routine applications since poorly handled samples, instrumentation noise features, or even molecular tampering manipulations can lead to wrong interpretations. This work investigates the use of different machine learning (ML) techniques to deal with these issues, and aim to improve and attest to the quality of the real-time SPR responses so-called sensorgrams.

ORY supplementation mitigates acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure in male mice: role of oxidative stress and apoptotic markers.

The aim of the present study was to assess the possible protective effect of γ-oryzanol (ORY) supplementation in a model of acute liver failure (ALF) induced by acetaminophen (APAP) in mice. Male Swiss strain mice were supplemented with ORY (10 and 50 mg/kg, per oral route) daily for 7 days. One hour after the last supplementation, animals received APAP (300 mg/kg, intraperitoneal).

Chrysin suppress immune responses and protects from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice.

We investigated the effects of chrysin in the experimental autoimmune encephomyelitis (EAE), a multiple sclerosis (MS) animal model. EAE was induced using myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) 35-55 peptide in C57BL/6 mice. Chrysin reduced weight loss, attenuated clinical signs and blunted the EAE-induced increase in histone deacetylase (HDCA) activity, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) levels and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels as well as in the EAE-induced decrease in histone acetyltransferases 3 and 4 (HAT3, HAT4).

Blackberry juice anthocyanidins limit cisplatin-induced renal pathophysiology in mice.

Some studies have showed that intake of blackberry juice (BBJ) can prevent urinary tract infections. However, there is a lack of studies that evaluate the mechanisms by which BBJ has protective effect. Thus, the aim of current study was to evaluate the effects of BBJ supplementation on cisplatin-induced renal pathophysiology in mice.

The flavonoid chrysin protects against zearalenone induced reproductive toxicity in male mice.

The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA) has strong estrogenic effects and elicits reproductive toxicity. Chrysin is a natural flavonoid found in many plant and has a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of chrysin against ZEA toxicity.

Dietary hydrogenated vegetable fat exacerbates the activation of kynurenine pathway caused by peripheral lipopolysaccharide immune challenge in aged mice.

Sickness behavior is a normal immune response of body to fight infection, accompanied by endocrine and behavioral alterations. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes sickness behavior in rodents through the increase of proinflammatory cytokines, generating peripheral inflammation and thus overactivation of kynurenine pathway (KP). In the present study we investigated the effects of dietary hydrogenated vegetable fat (HVF) in sickness behavior induced by LPS in aged mice.

Fish oil ameliorates sickness behavior induced by lipopolysaccharide in aged mice through the modulation of kynurenine pathway.

Sickness behavior is an expression of a central motivational state triggered by activation of the immune system, being considered a strategy of the organism to fight infection. Sickness behavior is induced by peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). LPS can increase the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, which induce the activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) and behavioral alterations.

Aging exacerbates cognitive and anxiety alterations induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β peptide in mice.

An increasing body of evidence indicates that the activation of indoleamine-2,3-dyoxigenase (IDO), a first and rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine (KYN) pathway, is involved in Aβ-neurotoxicity and AD pathogenesis. We have reported for the first time that brain IDO activation is related to Aβ exposure in young mice. Because aging is characterized by a brain dyshomeostasis and because it remains the most dominant risk factor for AD, the purpose of this study was to determine whether aging is associated with a higher sensitivity to behavioural and neurochemical alterations elicited by an intracerebroventricular (i.

Activation of Brain Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase Contributes to Depressive-Like Behavior Induced by an Intracerebroventricular Injection of Streptozotocin in Mice.

There is a lack of information concerning the molecular events underlying the depressive-like effect of an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) in mice. The elevated activity of the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been proposed to mediate depression in inflammatory disorders. In the present study, we reported that ICV-STZ activates IDO in the hippocampus of mice and culminates in depressive-like behaviors, as measured by the increased duration of immobility in the tail suspension test and decreased sucrose intake in the sucrose preference test.

Swimming exercise prevents behavioural disturbances induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β peptide through modulation of cytokine/NF-kappaB pathway and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase in mouse brain.

Emerging evidence indicates that the activation of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a first and rate-limiting enzyme in the kynurenine (KYN) pathway, is involved in amyloid-beta (Aβ)-neurotoxicity and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Physical exercise has been considered an effective intervention in AD, attenuating or limiting their progression. Nevertheless, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of exercise have not yet been fully elucidated.

Intracerebroventricular Administration of Streptozotocin as an Experimental Approach to Depression: Evidence for the Involvement of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase.

There is a lack of information about the molecular events underlying the depressive-like effect of an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (ICV-STZ) in mice. Elevated activity of the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has been proposed to mediate depression in inflammatory disorders. In this study, we report that ICV-STZ activates IDO in the hippocampus of mice and culminates in depressive-like behaviors, measured by an increased duration in immobility time in the forced swimming test and decreased total time of grooming in the splash test.

Chrysin promotes attenuation of depressive-like behavior and hippocampal dysfunction resulting from olfactory bulbectomy in mice.

Chrysin is a natural flavonoid which is found in bee propolis, honey and various plants, and antidepressant-like effect of chrysin in chronically stressed mice was previously demonstrated by our group. In this work, we investigated the action of chrysin treatment (5 or 20 mg/kg) for 14 days in the depressant-like behavior and in the hippocampal dysfunction induced by olfactory bulbectomy (OB), an animal model of agitated depression. Results demonstrated that OB occasioned a depressant-like behavior in the splash test, open field test and forced swimming test.

Neurochemical factors associated with the antidepressant-like effect of flavonoid chrysin in chronically stressed mice.

Chrysin is a flavonoid which is found in bee propolis, honey and various plants. Antidepressant-like effect of chrysin in chronically stressed mice was previously demonstrated by our group. Conversely, neurochemical factors associated with this effect require further investigations.

Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase mediates neurobehavioral alterations induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of amyloid-β1-42 peptide in mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline along with various neuropsychiatric symptoms, including depression and anxiety. Increasing evidence has been proposed the activation of the tryptophan-degrading indoleamine-2,3-dyoxigenase (IDO), the rate-limiting enzyme of kynurerine pathway (KP), as a pathogenic factor of amyloid-beta (Aβ)-related inflammation in AD. In the current study, the effects of an intracerebroventricular (i.

Neuropeptide Y administration reverses tricyclic antidepressant treatment-resistant depression induced by ACTH in mice.

Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and a primary cause of disability. To better treat patients suffering this illness, elucidation of the underlying psychopathological and neurobiological mechanisms is urgently needed. Based on the above-mentioned evidence, we sought to investigate the effects of neuropeptide Y (NPY) treatment in tricyclic antidepressant treatment-resistant depression induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) administration.

Flavonoid Chrysin prevents age-related cognitive decline via attenuation of oxidative stress and modulation of BDNF levels in aged mouse brain.

In this study, the effect of Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), an important member of the flavonoid family, on memory impairment, oxidative stress and BDNF reduction generated by aging in mice were investigated. Young and aged mice were treated daily per 60days with Chrysin (1 and 10mg/kg; per oral, p.o.

Evidence for the Involvement of Potassium Channel Inhibition in the Antidepressant-Like Effects of Hesperidin in the Tail Suspension Test in Mice.

The administration of hesperidin elicits an antidepressant-like effect in mice by a mechanism dependent on an interaction with the L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, whose stimulation is associated with the activation of potassium (K(+)) channels. Thus, this study investigated the involvement of different types of K(+) channels in the antidepressant-like effect of hesperidin in the mice tail suspension test (TST). The intracerebroventricular administration of tetraethylammonium (TEA, a nonspecific blocker of K(+) channels), glibenclamide (an ATP-sensitive K(+) channel blocker), charybdotoxin (a large- and intermediate-conductance calcium-activated K(+) channel blocker) or apamin (a small-conductance calcium-activated K(+) channel blocker) combined with a subeffective dose of hesperidin (0.

Antinociceptive and anti-hyperalgesic effects of bis(4-methylbenzoyl) diselenide in mice: evidence for the mechanism of action.

Context: The organoselenium compounds have been described to demonstrate several biological activities, including pain management.

Objective: This study investigated the antinociceptive, hyperalgesic, and toxic effects of oral administration of bis(4-methylbenzoyl) diselenide (BMD) in mice.

Materials And Methods: The antinociceptive and anti-hyperalgesic effects of BMD (1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg, p.

The protective effect of melatonin against brain oxidative stress and hyperlocomotion in a rat model of mania induced by ouabain.

This study was designed to investigate the protective effect of melatonin in a preclinical animal model of mania induced by ouabain (OUA). Male Wistar rats were pretreated with melatonin (5 or 20mg/kg; intraperitoneal, i.p.

Hesperidin exerts antidepressant-like effects in acute and chronic treatments in mice: possible role of l-arginine-NO-cGMP pathway and BDNF levels.

Hesperidin (4'-methoxy-7-O-rutinosyl-3',5-dihydroxyflavanone), a naturally occurring flavanone glycoside, was previously shown to produce an antidepressant-like effect with modultation of the serotonergic 5-HT1A and kappa-opioid receptors. In this study, the signaling mechanisms underlying their antidepressant-like effects were further evaluated by investigating in acute and chronic treatments. Results showed that chronic treatment of hesperidin or hesperitin (0.

Involvement of mGlu5 receptor in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress in rat striatum.

Objectives: The excitotoxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induces a suitable experimental model of Huntington's disease (HD). This compound induces neurodegeneration via glutamatergic activation and oxidative stress, suggesting that the metabotropic glutamate receptor blockage and free radical scavenging are potential therapeutic targets in HD. In this study, we evaluated the role of 3-[(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl) ethynyl]-pyridine (MTEP), a selective mGlu5 receptor antagonist, in a 3-NP model of HD.

Depressive-like behaviour induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin in mice: the protective effect of fluoxetine, antitumour necrosis factor-α and thalidomide therapies.

Information on the effect of an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.