Impact of Serum Amyloid A Protein in the Human Breast: An In Vitro Study.

The mammary gland is an exocrine gland whose main function is to produce milk. Breast morphogenesis begins in the embryonic period; however, its greatest development takes place during the lactation period. Studies have found the expression of serum amyloid A protein (SAA) in both breast cells and breast milk, yet the function of this protein in these contexts remains unknown.

A Single Bout of High Heels Dancing Causes an Increase in Circulating Markers of Muscle Tissue Degradation and MMP-3 in Young Healthy Women.

Prolonged wearing of high heels can cause chronic injury and inflammation. Herein, we investigated the presence of muscle injury, inflammation, and neutrophil function in young women after a single bout of stiletto dance class. Sixteen volunteers (23.

Sleep impairment and altered pattern of circadian biomarkers during a long-term Antarctic summer camp.

Antarctic expeditions include isolation and exposure to cold and extreme photoperiods (with continuous natural light during summer) that may influence psychophysiological responses modulated by luminosity and sleep. We assessed changes in night sleep patterns by actigraphy, salivary biomarkers, and perceptual variables in seven participants in the following time points along a 50-day camping expedition in Antarctica (Nelson Island): Pre-Field (i.e.

A 7-Week Summer Camp in Antarctica Induces Fluctuations on Human Oral Microbiome, Pro-Inflammatory Markers and Metabolic Hormones Profile.

Antarctic camps pose psychophysiological challenges related to isolated, confined, and extreme (ICE) conditions, including meals composed of sealed food. ICE conditions can influence the microbiome and inflammatory responses. Seven expeditioners took part in a 7-week Antarctic summer camp (Nelson Island) and were evaluated at Pre-Camp (i.

Leukocyte metabolism in obese type 2 diabetic individuals associated with COVID-19 severity.

Recent studies show that the metabolic characteristics of different leukocytes, such as, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages, undergo changes both in the face of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) condition. Thus, the objective of this review is to establish a correlation between the metabolic changes caused in leukocytes in DM2 and obesity that may favor a worse prognosis during SARS-Cov-2 infection. Chronic inflammation and hyperglycemia, specific and usual characteristics of obesity and DM2, contributes for the SARS-CoV-2 replication and metabolic disturbances in different leukocytes, favoring the proinflammatory response of these cells.

Body Weight Dissatisfaction and Health Risk Behaviors in Adolescents.

Body weight dissatisfaction has been described as a marker for various health diseases, given its direct association with social, physical, and emotional suffering. We investigated the association between body weight dissatisfaction and health risk behaviors in adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 668 adolescents aged 14-19 years in the city of São José, southern Brazil.

Proposition of Cutoff Points for Anthropometric Indicators to Identify High Blood Pressure in Adolescents.

Aim: To propose cutoff points for anthropometric indicators for high blood pressure (HBP) screening in adolescents and to identify, among these indicators, those more accurately for boys and girls.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the city of São José, SC, Brazil with 634 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years. Blood pressure levels were measured using a digital oscillometric sphygmomanometer and adolescents were classified as having HBP or not.

Hypertonic Solution in Severe COVID-19 Patient: A Potential Adjuvant Therapy.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) features hyper-inflammation, cytokine storm, neutrophil function changes, and sodium chloride (NaCl) homeostasis disruption, while the treatment with NaCl hypertonic solutions (HS) controls electrolytic body homeostasis and cell functions. HS treatment is a simple, popular, economic, and feasible therapy to regulate leukocyte function with a robust anti-inflammatory effect in many inflammatory diseases. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight the knowledge on the use of HS approaches against viral infection over the past years and to describe the mechanisms involved in the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and production of cytokine in severe lung diseases, such as COVID-19.

Salivary Proteome, Inflammatory, and NETosis Biomarkers in Older Adult Practitioners and Nonpractitioners of Physical Exercise.

Since aging has been associated with increased production of inflammatory biomarkers, the ability to monitor older adults repeatedly is highly desirable, and saliva is an interesting biofluid for the search of biomarkers, as it is easily accessible in a noninvasive manner. However, given the incipient knowledge of salivary biomarkers in aging and its relationship to physical exercise, the present study is aimed at evaluating the protein expression and the levels of inflammatory and NETosis biomarkers in the saliva of practitioners (PE) and nonpractitioners (NPE) of physical exercise older adults. Six (6) practitioner and 4 nonpractitioner older adults were enrolled in this study.

Melatonin, Zinc, and Vitamin C: Potential Adjuvant Treatment for COVID-19 Patients.

The use of nutraceutical approaches may regulate the immune system, performing a potential strategy to contain the worst outcomes of COVID-19. We reviewed the current evidence surrounding nutritional/nutraceutical approaches for the therapy in patients with COVID-19. We searched the PubMed database to report randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational research that used melatonin, zinc, or vitamin C supplementation as an intervention for COVID-19 treatment.

Technical bioanalytical considerations for detection and quantification of cytokines in ELISA assays.

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs) techniques are widely known for the robust signal amplification with high sensitivity and specificity for the quantitation of antibodies and antigens in complex biological fluids. However, strict caution in the pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical phases is crucial to warrant an immunoassay quality. Since analytical errors are commonly seen in papers, this study aimed to discuss the main principles and guidelines to guarantee the specificity and sensitivity in the post-analytical phase of the ELISA method.

Melatonin improves the antioxidant capacity in cardiac tissue of Wistar rats after exhaustive exercise.

We investigated the effects of melatonin on the onset and resolution of the oxidative stress in the cardiac muscle in melatonin-treated and nontreated rats subjected to an exhaustive exercise session. Forty male rats were divided into: melatonin-treated (20 mg/kg supplemented for 10 d) and control. On the 10th day, each group was subdivided according to euthanasia moments: control or melatonin-treated not exercised (C0h and M0h); immediately after the exercise (CIA and MIA); and 2 h after exercise (C2h and M2h).

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Area of Sporadic Transmission in Brazil.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan in Latin America. Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) diagnosis in Brazil includes two serological tests according to the Ministry of Health (MH) protocol. Sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests, as well as clinical signs of VL, are usually reported in disease-endemic areas; however, it is known that local epidemiological factors can influence these results.

Updating futsal physiology, immune system, and performance.

Futsal promotes stress by handling the ball, physical contact, and exhaustive muscle contractions, elevating the risks for injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation after a training session or a match. In this review, we critically evaluate the more recent advances in the performance and health of futsal players. We searched the effects of futsal on performance, physiological parameters, muscle injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Grip and load force control and coordination in individuals with diabetes in different manipulation tasks.

The study aimed to investigate the control and coordination of grip force (normal component) and load force (tangential component) in three different manipulation tasks in individuals with diabetes with and with no diagnosis of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and healthy controls. Twenty-four individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus, 12 with no (nDPN) and 12 with DPN (wDPN), and 12 healthy controls performed three manipulation tasks (static holding, lifting and holding, and oscillation) with the dominant hand, using an instrumented handle. Relative safety margin (% of GF exerted above the minimum GF needed to hold the object) was measured in all tasks.

COVID-19 and Neutrophils: The Relationship between Hyperinflammation and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a virus-induced respiratory disease that may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and is triggered by immunopathological mechanisms that cause excessive inflammation and leukocyte dysfunction. Neutrophils play a critical function in the clearance of bacteria with specific mechanisms to combat viruses. The aim of this review is to highlight the current advances in the pathways of neutrophilic inflammation against viral infection over the past ten years, focusing on the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and its impact on severe lung diseases, such as COVID-19.

Recreational Dance Practice Modulates Lymphocyte Profile and Function in Diabetic Women.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 16-week dance-based aerobic exercise program on lymphocyte function in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) women. We enrolled 23 women: 11 with T2DM and 12 non-diabetic controls. Initially, we performed anthropometry and body composition measurements, afterwards, plasma levels of C-reactive protein, lipids, and glucose were determined.

Recovery of Diabetic Rats After Physical Exhaustion: Kinetic Alterations in Muscle Inflammation and Muscle-Signaling Proteins to Atrophy and Hypertrophy.

The complexity of the adaptive response of diabetics to intense exercise is still poorly understood. To optimize exercise interventions in diabetics, the chronology of inflammatory mediators in muscle and the signaling involved in muscle hypertrophy/atrophy must be understood. Herein, we studied the kinetic inflammatory profile and cellular signaling pathways modulated by physical exhaustion after the induction of type 1 diabetes by streptozotocin in rats.

Lymphocyte activation after a high-intensity street dance class.

Intense dance training leads to inflammation, which may impair the health and performance of the practitioners. Herein, we evaluate the effect of a single street dancing class on the profile of muscle enzymes, lymphocyte activation, and cell surface CD62L expression. We also investigated the correlation between muscle enzymes, adhesion molecules, and lymphocyte activation in dancers.

L-arginine Improves Plasma Lipid Profile and Muscle Inflammatory Response in Trained Rats After High-Intense Exercise.

: This study aimed to evaluate whether supplementation with L-arginine alone or in combination with physical exercise training can modulate rats' lipid and inflammatory profiles after a single intense exercise session. : Male Wistar rats were divided into four different groups: control (C), trained (T), supplemented with L-arginine (C + A) and trained and supplemented (T + A). Animals from supplemented groups (C + A and T + A groups) received 300 mg/kg animal body weight L-arginine diluted in 30 mL of drinking water for 8 weeks.

Hybridization between subterranean tuco-tucos (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae) with contrasting phylogenetic positions.

Reproductive compatibility usually decreases according to increasing genetic difference and the time of divergence between species. However, the amount of modification required to influence hybridization may vary in different species. Thus, it is extremely important to conduct studies that seek to understand what and how variables influence the reproductive isolation of species.

Dance Training Improves Cytokine Secretion and Viability of Neutrophils in Diabetic Patients.

Background: Evidence suggests that exercise improves neutrophil function. The decreased functional longevity of neutrophils and their increased clearance from infectious sites contribute to the increased susceptibility to infection and severity of infection observed in patients with diabetes.

Objective: Herein, we investigated the effects of a dance program on neutrophil number, function, and death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and healthy volunteers.