An orthotopic metastatic xenograft model of colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) presents a substantial global health challenge, prompting the necessity for the development and validation of preclinical models to enhance our comprehension and therapeutic interventions. Among the myriad of murine models available for CRC evaluation, orthotopic implantation via intercaecal microinjection stands out as a preferred method for replicating the intricate tumor microenvironment while ensuring uniformity and standardized applicability. In this study, we delineate a methodology addressing the required steps for tumor cell line selection and reporter transduction, animal model preparation, orthotopic tumor implantation, in vivo monitoring of tumor growth and metastasis formation.

Processing human colon cancer specimens for in vitro cytotoxicity assays.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) research demands reliable experimental models to enhance translational potential. Immortalized cancer cell lines, although commonly employed, exhibit limitations such as phenotypic divergence from primary tumors, which underscores the need for more representative models. This method chapter presents a protocol for collecting and processing primary CRC specimens for in vitro assays to assess the cytotoxic potential of antitumor agents, with a focus on adoptive cellular therapies.

Seasonal Stability of the Circadian Rhythm in Patients with Type I Myocardial Infarction.

Background: A circadian rhythm of myocardial infarction has been described but there is little data on its relation with seasons and months.

Methods: From June 2013 to June 2018, we analyzed the alerts for acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a Spanish region with 6.64 million inhabitants, universal health coverage, and an organized STEMI reperfusion network.

CD155/PVR determines acute myeloid leukemia targeting by Delta One T cells.

Relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a major therapeutic challenge. We have recently developed a Vδ1+ γδ T cell-based product for adoptive immunotherapy, named Delta One T (DOT) cells, and demonstrated their cytolytic capacity to eliminate AML cell lines and primary blasts in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the broad DOT-cell recognition of AML cells remain poorly understood.

Abnormal right ventricular echocardiographic findings in recovered patients associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome in COVID-19.

Background: Right ventricular (RV) echocardiographic changes such as dilation or systolic dysfunction, and pulmonary arterial hypertension were observed in patients with COVID-19. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of RV echocardiographic changes in patients who have recovered from COVID-19 and to verify the association between severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and echocardiographic findings.

Methods: Patients who had recovered from COVID-19 undergoing outpatient follow-up underwent transthoracic echocardiography, and based on the findings, were divided into two groups: normal and abnormal.

Risk factors and prediction of acute kidney injury after liver transplantation: Logistic regression and artificial neural network approaches.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) has serious consequences on the prognosis of patients undergoing liver transplantation. Recently, artificial neural network (ANN) was reported to have better predictive ability than the classical logistic regression (LR) for this postoperative outcome.

Aim: To identify the risk factors of AKI after deceased-donor liver transplantation (DDLT) and compare the prediction performance of ANN with that of LR for this complication.

Prevalence of Bruxism in Brazilian Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The prevalence of bruxism in children varies considerably. The purpose of this study was to synthesize evidence of the prevalence of bruxism in Brazilian children and consider how proportions differ between genders, assessment approaches, and geographical regions. A search was conducted using five databases and in gray literature.

The fellowship of regulatory and tissue-resident memory cells.

T cells located in non-lymphoid tissues have come to prominence in recent years. CD8 tissue-resident memory (Trm) cells are important for tissue immune surveillance, provide an important line of defence against invading pathogens and show promise in cancer therapies. These cells differ in phenotype from other memory populations, are adapted to the tissue they home to where they found their cognate antigen and have different metabolic requirements for survival and activation.

Prevalence of cleft lip and palate and associated factors in Brazil's Midwest: a single-center study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and associated factors in patients treated at a referral service in Brazil's Midwest. Data were obtained from medical records on file between 2010 and 2017 for this epidemiologic and associational study. A descriptive analysis of the sociodemographic and clinical data was carried out, after which the data were analyzed using the chi-square test and Poisson regression with robust variance.

Type 1 T cells promote the generation of CD8 tissue-resident memory T cells.

Tissue-resident memory T (T) cells, functionally distinct from circulating memory T cells, have a critical role in protective immunity in tissues, are more efficacious when elicited after vaccination and yield more effective antitumor immunity, yet the signals that direct development of T cells are incompletely understood. Here we show that type 1 regulatory T (T) cells, which express the transcription factor T-bet, promote the generation of CD8 T cells. The absence of T-bet-expressing type 1 T cells reduces the presence of T cells in multiple tissues and increases pathogen burden upon infectious challenge.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis associated with severe tuberculosis evades cytosolic surveillance systems and modulates IL-1β production.

Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis affects immune responses and clinical outcomes of tuberculosis (TB). However, how bacterial diversity orchestrates immune responses to direct distinct TB severities is unknown. Here we study 681 patients with pulmonary TB and show that M.

Deficiency in the glycosyltransferase Gcnt1 increases susceptibility to tuberculosis through a mechanism involving neutrophils.

Modulation of immunity and disease by glycans is increasingly recognized. However, how host glycosylation shapes and is shaped by tuberculosis remains poorly understood. We show that deficiency in the glucosaminyl (N-acetyl) transferase 1 (Gcnt1), a key enzyme for core-2 O-glycans biosynthesis, drives susceptibility to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

An Oral Health-Related Quality of Life Comparison Between Adults With Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate and Class III Malocclusion.

Objective: To compare oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) before treatment of adults with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and surgical Class III malocclusion, and to consider if clefts needing different orthodontic treatment protocols could influence people's self-perception.

Design: Cross sectional.

Setting: Cleft Lip and Palate Center and Clinic of Orthognathic Surgery from a School of Dentistry.

Self-Formation Assessed by Cumulative Summation Test Does Not Reach Recommended Thresholds for Optical Diagnosis of Colorectal Polyps ≤ 7 mm.

Background And Aims: Accurate optical diagnosis of diminutive polyps would allow implementing a resect and discard strategy. We evaluated the learning curve of a single training session followed by self-education in subjects with no endoscopic experience.

Methods: Learning curves were evaluated in 38 subjects employing learning curve-cumulative summation (LC-CUSUM) tests, with each participant attending one training session regarding narrow band imaging and optical diagnosis and then individually assessing 100 lesions, receiving feedback after each diagnosis.

Response of microbial communities colonizing salt marsh plants rhizosphere to copper oxide nanoparticles contamination and its implications for phytoremediation processes.

This study aimed to investigate Cu oxide nanoparticles (CuO NP) effect on microbial communities associated with salt marsh plants (Halimione portulacoides and Pragmites australis) rhizosphere and its implications for phytoremediation processes. Experiments were conducted, under controlled conditions, over one week. Rhizosediment soaked in the respective elutriate (a simplified natural medium) with or without plants, was doped with CuO NP or with Cu in ionic form.

A Safe and Stable Neonatal Vaccine Targeting GAPDH Confers Protection against Group B Streptococcus Infections in Adult Susceptible Mice.

Group B Streptococcus (GBS), a commensal organism, can turn into a life-threatening pathogen in neonates and elderly, or in adults with severe underlying diseases such as diabetes. We developed a vaccine targeting the GBS glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a glycolytic enzyme detected at the bacterial surface, which was proven to be effective in a neonatal mouse model of infection. Since this bacterium has emerged as an important pathogen in non-pregnant adults, here we investigated whether this vaccine also confers protection in an adult susceptible and in a diabetic mouse model of infection.