Purpose: Gender-affirming hormones (hormones)-the use of sex hormones to induce desired secondary sex characteristics in transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) individuals-are vital health care for many TGNB people. Some hormone providers require a letter from a mental health provider before hormone initiation. We explore the perspectives of TGNB individuals regarding the impact of the letter requirement on their experience of care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWomen with substance use disorders have high rates of adverse sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes, including unintended pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and contraceptive nonuse. Little research has explored barriers and facilitators to accessing SRH services experienced by women with substance use disorders. To investigate barriers and facilitators to accessing SRH services experienced by women with substance use disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF: Reproductive justice (RJ) is defined by women of color advocates as the right to have children, not have children and parent children while maintaining reproductive autonomy. In the United States, physicians have been complicit in multiple historical reproductive , involving coercive sterilization of thousands of people of color, low income, and disabilities. Currently, reproductive injustices continue to occur; however, physicians have no formal RJ medical education to address injustices.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To evaluate changes in out-of-pocket cost for intrauterine device (IUD) placement before and after mandated coverage of contraceptive services and to examine how changes in out-of-pocket cost influence IUD insertion as a function of baseline cost.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional pre-post analysis at the plan level using a large deidentified medical claims database to analyze our primary outcome, new IUD insertions among women enrolled in employer-sponsored health plans in 2009 and 2014, and our secondary outcome, out-of-pocket cost. Patient costs and utilization were aggregated by plan and year to conduct a plan-specific analysis.