Dual nitrogen and phosphorus reductions are needed for long-term mitigation of eutrophication and harmful cyanobacterial blooms in the hydrologically-variable San Francisco Bay Delta, CA.

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) are a major concern for water quality, public health and viability of aquatic ecosystems. Increased inputs of nutrients, i.e.

Influence of Crohn's disease related polymorphisms in innate immune function on ileal microbiome.

We have previously identified NOD2 genotype and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) phenotype, as associated with shifts in the ileal microbiome ("dysbiosis") in a patient cohort. Here we report an integrative analysis of an expanded number of Crohn's disease (CD) related genetic defects in innate immune function (NOD2, ATG16L1, IRGM, CARD9, XBP1, ORMDL3) and composition of the ileal microbiome by combining the initial patient cohort (Batch 1, 2005-2010, n = 165) with a second consecutive patient cohort (Batch 2, 2010-2012, n = 118). These combined patient cohorts were composed of three non-overlapping phenotypes: 1.