Serum-Free Culture of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Aggregates in Suspension Bioreactors for Tissue Engineering Applications.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to differentiate towards bone, fat, and cartilage lineages. The most widely used culture and differentiation protocols for MSCs are currently limited by their use of serum-containing media and small-scale static culture vessels. Suspension bioreactors have multiple advantages over static culture vessels (e.

Coordinated and selective recruitment of eIF4E and eIF4G factors for potyvirus infection in Arabidopsis thaliana.

The translation initiation factors eIF4E and eIF(iso)4E play a key role during virus infection in plants. During mRNA translation, eIF4E provides the cap-binding function and is associated with the protein eIF4G to form the eIF4F complex. Susceptibility analyses of Arabidopsis mutants knocked-out for At-eIF4G genes showed that eIF4G factors are indispensable for potyvirus infection.