Assessment of potential biomarkers of pre-receptive and receptive endometrium in uterine fluid and a functional evaluation of the potential role of CSF3 in fertility.

The endometrium lines a women's uterus becoming receptive, and allowing embryo implantation to occur, for just a few days during the post-ovulatory mid-secretory phase of each menstrual cycle. We investigated whether concentrations of proposed receptivity biomarkers (VEGF, IL8, FGF2, CSF3 sFlt-1, sGP130 and PlGF) secreted by the endometrium into the uterine cavity and forming the microenvironment for embryo implantation is altered among a population of age-matched women with unexplained (idiopathic) infertility compared to fertile women during the receptive mid-secretory phase (n = 16 fertile, 18 infertile) and the prior pre-receptive early secretory phase (n = 19 fertile, 18 infertile) of their cycle. In the mid-secretory cohort significantly elevated concentrations of five biomarkers; PlGF (p = 0.

IL-6 trans-signalling mediates trabecular, but not cortical, bone loss after ovariectomy.

Bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency occurs due to a high level of bone remodelling, with a greater increase in the level of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption than osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Early studies showed that Interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibition could prevent the increase in osteoclast numbers associated with ovariectomy. However, IL-6 signals through two possible pathways: classic IL-6 signalling (cis) utilizes a membrane-bound IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), while IL-6 trans-signalling occurs through a soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R).