The mediating roles of the oral microbiome in saliva and subgingival sites between e-cigarette smoking and gingival inflammation.

Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECs) have been widely used by young individuals in the U.S. while being considered less harmful than conventional tobacco cigarettes.

Assessing Risks of Early Childhood Caries in Primary Care Practice Using Electronic Health Records and Neighborhood Data.

Context: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a persistent public health challenge, affecting more than 56% of US toddlers and preschool-aged children. Despite this, ECC is largely preventable with routine oral hygiene practices, diet, and application of topical fluoride.

Objective: This study assessed the utilization of preventive oral health care in primary care practices and evaluated the variation in patient characteristic and geographic disparities.

Length of Stay and Cost in Patients Undergoing Orthognathic Surgery: Does Surgeon Volume Matter?

Purpose: The relations among procedure-specific annual surgeon volume, hospital length of stay (LOS), and hospital costs for patients undergoing the 2 most common orthognathic surgical (OGS) procedures, segmental osteoplasty or osteotomy of the maxilla (SOM) or open osteoplasty or osteotomy of the mandibular ramus (SOMR), are not known. The authors hypothesized that treatment by high-volume surgeons would be associated with decreased LOS and costs.

Materials And Methods: All patients 8 to 64 years old who underwent elective SOM or SOMR were selected from the 2001 to 2009 Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

CD25 blockade depletes and selectively reprograms regulatory T cells in concert with immunotherapy in cancer patients.

Regulatory T cells (T(regs)) are key mediators of immune tolerance and feature prominently in cancer. Depletion of CD25(+) FoxP3(+) T(regs) in vivo may promote T cell cancer immunosurveillance, but no strategy to do so in humans while preserving immunity and preventing autoimmunity has been validated. We evaluated the Food and Drug Administration-approved CD25-blocking monoclonal antibody daclizumab with regard to human T(reg) survival and function.