Publications by authors named "Leah Hines"

Roadway mortality increased during COVID-19, reversing a multi-decade downward trend. The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) was used to examine contributing factors pre-COVID-19 and in the COVID-19 era using the five pillars of the Safe System framework: (1) road users; (2) vehicles; (3) roadways; (4) speed; and (5) post-crash care. Two study time periods were matched to control for seasonality differences pre-COVID-19 ( = 1725, 1 April 2018-31 December 2019) and in the COVID-19 era ( = 2010, 1 April 2020-31 December 2021) with a three-month buffer period between the two time frames excluded.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Seatbelt use significantly reduces the risk of injury and death in vehicle crashes, but rear-seated adults are less likely to wear them compared to those in the front seat.
  • A study analyzed data from nearly 1 million adults involved in crashes in New York, finding that rear-seated occupants had a 1.5 times higher mortality rate and were more often unrestrained.
  • Factors like speeding, a drinking driver, and older vehicles were linked to higher injury severity, highlighting that unrestrained rear-seated occupants face greater risks than their restrained front-seated counterparts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Unlabelled: There are reports that historically higher mortality observed for front- compared to rear-seated adult motor vehicle (MV) occupants has narrowed. Vast improvements have been made in strengthening laws and restraint use in front-, but not rear-seated occupants suggesting there may be value in expanding the science on rear-seat safety.

Methods: A linked 2016-2017 hospital and MV crash data set, the Crash Outcomes Data Evaluation System (CODES), was used to compare characteristics of front-seated ( = 115,939) and rear-seated ( = 5729) adults aged 18 years and older involved in a MV crash in New York State (NYS).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: In New York State (NYS), motor vehicle (MV) injury to child passengers is a leading cause of hospitalization and emergency department (ED) visits in children aged 0-12 years. NYS laws require appropriate child restraints for ages 0-7 years and safety belts for ages 8 and up while traveling in a private passenger vehicle, but do not specify a seating position.

Methods: Factors associated with injury in front-seated (n = 11,212) compared to rear-seated (n = 93,092) passengers aged 0-12 years were examined by age groups 0-3, 4-7 and 8-12 years using the 2012-2014 NYS Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Rural areas of New York State (NYS) have higher rates of alcohol-related motor vehicle (MV) crash injury than metropolitan areas. While alcohol-related injury has declined across the three geographic regions of NYS, disparities persist with rural areas having smaller declines. Our study aim was to examine factors associated with alcohol-related MV crashes in Upstate and Long Island using multi-sourced county-level data that included the Crash Outcome Data Evaluation System (CODES) with emergency department visits and hospitalizations, traffic citations, demographic, economic, transportation, alcohol outlets, and Rural-Urban Continuum Codes (RUCCS).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

To identify children with ADHD enrolled in New York State (NYS) Medicaid and characterize ADHD-associated costs by treatment category. In 2013, 1.4 million children aged 2 to 17 years were enrolled in NYS Medicaid.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: New York State hospitals are required to implement a respiratory protection program (RPP) consistent with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration respirator standard. Guidance provided during the 2009 novel H1N1 pandemic expanded on earlier recommendations, emphasizing the need to keep staff in all health care settings healthy to maintain services.

Methods: New York State hospitals with emergency departments having more than 1,000 visits annually were invited to participate; 23 hospitals participated.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_sessioneeim7b1n24eeqjgqm4i8eavci79a7s45): Failed to open stream: No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 177

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 137

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once