Surgically induced aortic coarctation in a neonatal porcine model allows for longitudinal assessment of cardiovascular changes.

Noncritical aortic coarctation (COA) typically presents beyond early childhood with hypertension. Correction of COA does not ensure a return to normal cardiovascular health, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, we developed a porcine COA model to study the secondary cardiovascular changes.

Airflow Obstruction in Adults with Williams Syndrome and Mice with Elastin Insufficiency.

Williams−Beuren syndrome (WS) results from the deletion of 25−27 coding genes, including elastin (ELN), on human chromosome 7q11.23. Elastin provides recoil to tissues; emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been linked to its destruction.

Elastin Insufficiency Confers Proximal and Distal Pulmonary Vasculopathy in Mice, Partially Remedied by the K Channel Opener Minoxidil: Considerations and Cautions for the Treatment of People With Williams-Beuren Syndrome.

Background: Williams Beuren syndrome (WBS) is a recurrent microdeletion disorder that removes one copy of elastin (), resulting in large artery vasculopathy. Early stenosis of the pulmonary vascular tree is common, but few data are available on longer-term implications of the condition.

Methods: Computed tomography (CT) angiogram ( = 11) and echocardiogram ( = 20) were performed in children with WBS aged 3.

Optimal management of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: Is venous thoracic outlet syndrome underrecognized?

Background: Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (UEDVT) accounts for ~10% of all cases of DVT. In the most widely referenced general review of DVT, the American Academy of Chest Physicians essentially recommended that UEDVT be treated identically to that of lower extremity DVT, with anticoagulation the default therapy. However, the medical literature has not differentiated well between DVT in the arm vs DVT in the leg and has not emphasized the effects of the costoclavicular junction and the lack of the effect of gravity to the point at which UEDVT due to extrinsic bony compression at the costoclavicular junction is classified as "primary.

Racial and Gender Disparity in Achieving Optimal Medical Therapy for Inpatients with Peripheral Artery Disease.

Best medical therapy for peripheral artery disease (PAD) includes statin and anti-platelet agents, a combination shown to decrease rates of major cardiovascular events. Despite these findings, many patients remain undertreated and the objective of this project was to investigate the rate of initiating anti-platelet and statin therapy for inpatients newly diagnosed with PAD with a focus on disparities by race and sex. A retrospective chart review of inpatients with newly diagnosed PAD was performed between January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2016 at a single institution.

Elevated Cardiopulmonary Complications after Revascularization in Patients with Severe Mental Health Disorders.

Introduction: Mental health disorders (MHD) are prevalent within surgical patient populations and can be associated with poorer postoperative outcomes, particularly in those with more severe MHD (schizophrenia and bipolar disorder). However, these associations have not been examined in vascular surgery patients. This study investigated patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization, hypothesizing that those with severe MHD would experience worse health and postoperative outcomes.

Vascular Casting of Adult and Early Postnatal Mouse Lungs for Micro-CT Imaging.

Blood vessels form intricate networks in 3-dimensional space. Consequently, it is difficult to visually appreciate how vascular networks interact and behave by observing the surface of a tissue. This method provides a means to visualize the complex 3-dimensional vascular architecture of the lung.

A Switch and Wave of Neuronal Activity in the Cerebral Cortex During the First Second of Conscious Perception.

Conscious perception occurs within less than 1 s. To study events on this time scale we used direct electrical recordings from the human cerebral cortex during a conscious visual perception task. Faces were presented at individually titrated visual threshold for 9 subjects while measuring broadband 40-115 Hz gamma power in a total of 1621 intracranial electrodes widely distributed in both hemispheres.

Human bedside evaluation versus automatic responsiveness testing in epilepsy (ARTiE).

Evaluation of behavioral impairment during epileptic seizures is critical for medical decision making, including accurate diagnosis, recommendations for driving, and presurgical evaluation. We investigated the quality of behavioral testing during inpatient video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring at an established epilepsy center, and introduce a technical innovation that may improve clinical care. We retrospectively reviewed video-EEG data from 152 seizures in 33 adult or pediatric patients admitted for video-EEG monitoring.