Effect of Body Mass Index on Chiari Malformation 1 Tonsil Ectopia Length in Adults.

Objective: Diagnosis of Chiari I malformation (CM-1) is based on measurements of the inferior extension of the cerebellar tonsils into the foramen magnum on cranial or cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging. Imaging may be obtained before the patient is referred to the neurosurgical specialist. The length of time raises questions about the possibility that body mass index (BMI) fluctuations could affect the measurement of ectopia length.

Cranial Versus Cervical Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adult Chiari Malformation Type I Diagnostics: Is There a Difference in Tonsil Ectopia Length?

Background: Chiari malformation type 1 (CM-1) diagnosis is based on measurement of the cerebellar tonsils on cranial or cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, imaging parameters of cranial and cervical spine MRI could differ because spine MRI has greater resolution.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 161 patients of a single neurosurgeon for adult CM-I consultation between February 2006 and March 2019.

Perceptions of the Moral Obligations of Pediatric Nurses During an Active Shooter Event in a Children's Hospital.

Purpose: To explore and compare the perceptions of nurses and parent/family advisors regarding pediatric nurses' moral obligations to children and families during an active shooter event in a children's hospital.

Design And Methods: This was a descriptive, exploratory study using survey methodology. A convenience sample of all licensed nurses and parent/family advisors from four children's hospitals across the United States were recruited.

First Do No Harm: Ethical Concerns of Health Researchers That Discourage the Sharing of Results With Research Participants.

Health researchers and health research participants support the sharing of research results; however, results are typically only shared through peer-reviewed publications. Few studies have investigated researchers' ethical concerns related to sharing results with research participants. An explanatory approach was used to explore the ethical concerns researchers may have with returning aggregate results to research participants.

Unilateral Withdrawal of Life-sustaining Therapy in a Severely Impaired Child.

An infant with complex congenital heart disease suffers a prolonged cardiac arrest with minutes of anoxia. He is left with severe brain damage and profound neurologic impairment. He no longer responds to caregivers.

Introducing the Medical Ethics Bowl.

Although ethics is an essential component of undergraduate medical education, research suggests that current medical ethics curricula face considerable challenges in improving students' ethical reasoning. This article discusses these challenges and introduces a promising new mode of graduate and professional ethics instruction for overcoming them. We begin by describing common ethics curricula, focusing in particular on established problems with current approaches.