The Relationship between Diet Costs and Dietary Adequacy: A Scoping Review of Measures and Methods with a Focus on Cost Estimation using Food Supply Data.

Background: "Diet cost" refers to a methodological approach developed by Drewnowski et al. to estimate individual daily diet costs, where cost vectors are derived by matching prices from food supply data to the food sources of reported intakes from dietary assessment tools. The dietary assessment method and food price collection approach have been found to vary diet cost estimates.

Development of the 10-question household foodwork interactional assessment questionnaire (FIA-Q10).

Background: Public health nutrition recommendations and clinical dietary interventions emphasize eating healthy food at home, implicitly requiring household foodwork. Household foodwork is defined as the physical and mental tasks a household does for eating meals and snacks. Because no tools exist to measure it, how much time people spend doing household foodwork and the foodwork barriers they experience remain unknown.

Cost of a Healthy Diet: A Population-Representative Comparison of 3 Diet Cost Methods in Canada.

Background: Different food price sources and dietary assessment tools may impact the estimation of diet costs and hamper our understanding of the relationship between diet costs and dietary intakes.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the effect of 3 diet cost derivation methods, with increasing numbers of food prices and geographic specificity, holding consistent the dietary assessment tool, on the estimation of diet costs overall and by food group.

Methods: We matched 24-h dietary recall data from the 2015 Canadian Community Health Survey-Nutrition (CCHS-N) to food price data from 3 Canadian Consumer Price Index (CPI) food price lists; national short list, national long list, and provincial long list.

Haptoglobin phenotype and intensive glycemic control for coronary artery disease risk reduction in people with type two diabetes: The Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial.

Background: Intensive glycemic control reduced the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) events among White ACCORD study participants with the haptoglobin (Hp)2-2 phenotype, and not among participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype. It is unknown whether these results persist in a population with more severe diabetes.

Methods: Haptoglobin phenotype was measured in 1746 (97 %) samples from the Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) randomized controlled trial.

National burden of rheumatoid arthritis in Canada, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 - a GBD collaborator-led study.

Objective: The objectives of this study were: (1) to describe burden of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and trends from 1990 to 2019 using the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) data, (2) to describe age and sex differences in RA and (3) to compare Canada's RA burden to that of other countries.

Methods: Disease burden indicators included prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs) and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). GBD estimated fatal and non-fatal outcomes using published literature, survey data and health insurance claims.

Developmental Trajectory of Body Weight in Youths at Risk for Major Mood Disorders.

Importance: Mood disorders are associated with increased body weight, especially in females, but it remains unknown when the weight increase starts.

Objectives: To examine sex-specific weight trajectories associated with familial mood disorder risk and determine the age at which youth at familial risk for mood disorders begin to diverge in weight from controls.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This community-based, single-center, acceleration cohort study of youth at familial risk for mood disorders and controls with yearly follow-ups (mean [SD], 5 [2.

Relationship Between Time-Varying Achieved High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Risk of Coronary Events Depends on Haptoglobin Phenotype Within the ACCORD Lipid Study.

Background The Hp (haptoglobin)2-2 phenotype (~40% of people) is associated with dysfunctional high-density lipoprotein (HDL) that is heavily oxidized in hyperglycemia, which may explain why raising HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) does not reliably prevent coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetes. Methods and Results In this observational study using longitudinal data from the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) lipid trial, time-varying (achieved) HDL-C updated at 4, 8, and 12 months, and annually thereafter over a mean of 4.7 years, was analyzed in relation to risk of CAD and secondary outcomes using Cox proportional hazards regression with time-varying covariables among participants with (n=1781) and without (n=3191) the Hp2-2 phenotype.

The Relationship Between Time-Varying Achieved HbA1c and Risk of Coronary Events Depends on Haptoglobin Phenotype Among White and Black ACCORD Participants.

Objective: Intensive glycemic therapy reduced coronary artery disease (CAD) events among White participants in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) study with the haptoglobin (Hp)2-2 phenotype, while participants without the Hp2-2 phenotype had no CAD benefit. The association between achieved glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and CAD for each Hp phenotype remains unknown.

Research Design And Methods: Achieved HbA1c was similar in each phenotype throughout the study.

Many authors of publicly available top-selling nutrition books in Canada are without clinical nutrition credentials, do not cite evidence, and promote their own services or products.

The accuracy of books as public nutrition resources varies substantially; whether authors of publicly available nutrition books possess related experience, cite scientific evidence, or have other financial incentives has not been assessed thoroughly. This study aimed to determine if publicly available top-selling nutrition books are written by authors who (1) have relevant expertise, (2) cite scientific evidence, and (3) benefit financially in other ways. Best-selling nutrition books were gathered from Amazon Canada.

Eating Timing and Frequency as a Predictor of Hospitalization and/or Mortality From Coronary Artery Disease: The Linked CCHS-DAD-CMDB 2004-2013 Study.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major overlapping challenge in both clinical and public health realms due to high rates of hospitalization and mortality. Despite nutrition being a key risk factor for CAD, little is known about eating timing and frequency in Canadians or their relation to risk of hospitalization and/or mortality from CAD.

Methods: Breakfast consumption, between-meal consumption, eating frequency, and established CAD risk factors were assessed at baseline in 13,328 adults free of cancer and CAD from the 2004 Canadian Community Health Survey, Cycle 2.

Prospective study of breakfast frequency and timing and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in community-dwelling older adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study.

Background: No evidence-based recommendations regarding optimal breakfast frequency and timing and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exist for older adults because of limited studies.

Objectives: We sought to prospectively assess relations between breakfast frequency and timing and T2DM risk among older adults and determine whether these depended on sex or cardiometabolic risk factors.

Methods: Weekly breakfast frequency and usual daily breakfast time were assessed by questionnaire at baseline in 3747 older adults (aged ≥ 65 y) from the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) who were free of cancer and T2DM and followed for 17.

Haptoglobin Phenotype Modifies the Effect of Fenofibrate on Risk of Coronary Event: ACCORD Lipid Trial.

Objective: The haptoglobin (Hp)2-2 phenotype (∼35-40% of people) is associated with increased oxidation and dysfunctional HDL in hyperglycemia and may explain why drugs designed to pharmacologically raise HDL cholesterol and lower triglycerides have not reliably prevented cardiovascular disease in diabetes. We aimed to determine whether the effect of adding fenofibrate versus placebo to simvastatin on the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) events depends on Hp phenotype in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) lipid trial.

Research Design And Methods: Cox proportional hazards regression models quantified the relationship between fenofibrate therapy and CAD events in the ACCORD lipid trial in participants with the Hp2-2 phenotype (n = 1,795) separately from those without (n = 3,201).

Meal regularity is associated with self-esteem among grade 5 children.

Background: Meal regularity is associated with many aspects of mental health. However, few studies have examined whether a relationship exists between meal regularity and self-esteem in children.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine whether an association exists between meal regularity and self-esteem in grade 5 children.

Prospective Study of Skipping Meals to Lose Weight as a Predictor of Incident Type 2 Diabetes With Potential Modification by Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: The Canadian 1995 Nova Scotia Health Survey.

Background: Skipping meals is an increasingly common practice to lose weight among North American adults. However, the long-term effect of this practice on incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unknown. We assessed whether skipping meals to lose weight is associated with T2DM risk and whether this association is modified by cardiometabolic risk factors.

Haptoglobin Phenotype Modifies the Influence of Intensive Glycemic Control on Cardiovascular Outcomes.

Background: Whereas there exists a direct relationship between glycated hemoglobin and cardiovascular disease (CVD), clinical trials targeting glycated hemoglobin to near-normal levels using intensive therapy have failed to prevent CVD and have even increased mortality, making clinical decision making difficult. A common polymorphism at the haptoglobin (Hp) genetic locus is associated with CVD, especially coronary heart disease, in the setting of hyperglycemia.

Objectives: This study sought to determine whether the treatment difference of intensive versus standard glucose-lowering therapy on risk of CVD events in the ACCORD (Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes) study depended on Hp phenotype.

Cholesterol efflux capacity, HDL cholesterol, and risk of coronary heart disease: a nested case-control study in men.

The capacity of HDLs to accept cholesterol effluxing from macrophages has been proposed as a new biomarker of HDLs' anti-atherogenic function. Whether cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is independent of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) as a biomarker for coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in a generally healthy primary-prevention population remains unanswered. Therefore, in this nested case-control study, we simultaneously assessed CEC (using J774 cells) and plasma HDL-C levels as predictors of CHD in healthy middle-aged and older men not receiving treatment affecting blood lipid concentrations.

Assessment of the burden of diseases and injuries attributable to risk factors in Canada from 1990 to 2016: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: An understanding of the risk factors contributing to disease burden is critical for determining research priorities and informing national health policy. We aimed to identify the risk factor trends in Canada.

Methods: As part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study (1990-2016), we conducted an analysis of country-level estimates for Canada to assess the burden of diseases and injuries attributable to risk factors.

Global Burden of Disease Study trends for Canada from 1990 to 2016.

Background: The Global Burden of Disease Study represents a large and systematic effort to describe the burden of diseases and injuries over the past 3 decades. We aimed to summarize the Canadian data on burden of diseases and injuries.

Methods: We summarized data from the 2016 iteration of the Global Burden of Disease Study to provide current (2016) and historical estimates for all-cause and cause-specific diseases and injuries using mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability and disability-adjusted life years in Canada.