A unique noninvasive approach to monitoring dissolved O2 and CO2 in cell culture.

Although online monitoring of dissolved oxygen (DO) and carbon dioxide (DCO2 ) is highly desirable in bioprocesses, small-scale bioreactors are usually not monitored due to the lack of suitable sensors. Traditional electrochemical sensors are usually not used because they are bulky and invasive. Disposable optical sensors are small and only partially invasive, but there are concerns regarding the toxicity of the patch and the phototoxicity of the illuminating light.