Mapping hotspots of zoonotic pathogen emergence: an integrated model-based and participatory-based approach.

Background: An increase in pandemics of zoonotic origin has led to a growing interest in using statistical prediction to identify hotspots of zoonotic emergence. However, the rare nature of pathogen emergence requires modellers to impose simplifying assumptions, which limit the model's validity. We present a novel approach to hotspot mapping that aims to improve validity by combining model-based insights with expert knowledge.

Genome-wide epigenetic profiling and transcriptome analysis in pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A focus on Black female children.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by airway obstruction during sleep. Diagnosing pediatric OSA is challenging, particularly in underrepresented populations, leading to disparities in treatment and long-term negative health outcomes. Our study aimed to identify alternative diagnostic tools by investigating genome-wide epigenetic changes and associated transcriptomic alterations in Black female, pediatric patients with OSA.

Sperm deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation index at the time of intracytoplasmic sperm injection and standard in vitro fertilization is correlated with lower fertilization but not with blastocyst genetic diagnosis.

Objective: To determine the effects of sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation at the time of fertilization on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes and genetic diagnosis using next generation sequencing.

Design: Prospective double-blinded study.

Setting: Private Clinic.

Screening for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Close Contacts of Individuals With Confirmed Infection: Performance and Operational Considerations.

Background: Point-of-care and decentralized testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to inform public health responses. Performance evaluations in priority use cases such as contact tracing can highlight trade-offs in test selection and testing strategies.

Methods: A prospective diagnostic accuracy study was conducted among close contacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Brazil.

Synkinetic Brow Dysfunction: Diagnosis and Treatment Algorithm.

The diagnosis and management of brow dysfunction in patients with postfacial paralysis with synkinesis can be perplexing and challenging for the treating physician. To describe a novel diagnostic and treatment algorithm for brow dysfunction in patients with postfacial paralysis with synkinesis. Surgical pearls-description of novel surgical technique.

End-to-Trunk Masseteric to Facial Nerve Transfer With Selective Neurectomy for Facial Reanimation.

Objective: To examine functional outcomes following end-to-trunk masseteric to facial nerve transfer in patients with chronic flaccid facial paralysis.

Design: Retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary-care private practice setting.

Epigenetics of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a systematic review.

Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic and widely prevalent disease associated with multiple health disorders. Current diagnostic strategies for OSA are limited because of cost, time, and access. Epigenetic signatures offer insight into the relationships between disease and environment and could play a significant role in developing both diagnostic and therapeutic tools for OSA.

Synkinetic Unilateral Lower Lip Palsy: Diagnosis and Technical Considerations for Facial Reanimation.

There are no universally adopted surgical techniques to treat depressor labii inferioris (DLI) dysfunction in patients with postfacial paralysis synkinesis. We describe a novel description of this disorder and technical surgical considerations for reanimation. To describe a new classification for DLI dysfunction and a surgical option to restore a natural appearing full dentition smile.

The impact of resident involvement on tonsillectomy outcomes and surgical time.

Objective: Posttonsillectomy hemorrhage can be life-threatening, so we investigated whether patients are at increased risk with an inexperienced surgeon. There is scant information on how surgical experience affects outcomes in pediatric tonsillectomy. We hypothesized that supervised residents would have longer operative times but no difference in complication rates compared to attending surgeons.

Japanese Encephalitis Virus as Cause of Acute Encephalitis, Bhutan.

In 2011, Bhutan's Royal Centre for Disease Control began Japanese encephalitis (JE) surveillance at 5 sentinel hospitals throughout Bhutan. During 2011-2018, a total of 20 JE cases were detected, indicating JE virus causes encephalitis in Bhutan. Maintaining JE surveillance will help improve understanding of JE epidemiology in this country.

Antimüllerian hormone and F2-isoprostanes in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.

Objective: To examine whether F2-isoprostanes, a marker of systematic oxidative stress, are associated with antimüllerian hormone (AMH), an indicator of ovarian reserve, in a population-based cohort of women of black and white ethnicities.

Design: Cross-sectional analysis.

Setting: Not applicable.

Validation of an Objective Assessment Tool for Tonsillectomy in Otolaryngology Resident Training.

Objective: Create and validate an objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) for otolaryngology residents learning how to perform a tonsillectomy.

Study Design: Multicenter prospective longitudinal validation study.

Methods: A multi-institutional study at six tertiary academic otolaryngology residency programs from July 2009 to May 2012.

The impact of persistent pediatric obstructive sleep apnea on the Quality of Life of Patients' families.

Objectives: To (1) quantify the quality of life (QOL) for families of children affected by persistent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and (2) assess factors contributing to the negative impact of OSA on families.

Methods: Prospective case series in a multidisciplinary upper airway center at a tertiary pediatric institution. Our study included patients with persistent OSA referred to our clinic from 2014 to 2016.

CO2 laser supraglottic resurfacing for non-granulomatous chronic supraglottitis in two children.

Chronic epiglottitis and supraglottitis are clinical entities that present with respiratory distress and are primarily associated with autoimmune disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease, or angioedema. First described in adults with sarcoidosis in 2010, CO2 laser epiglottis resurfacing has been effective in reducing epiglottic edema. We present two cases of adolescent males with non-granulomatous chronic supraglottitis who were successfully treated with CO2 laser supraglottic resurfacing.

Relative Preservation of Superior Semicircular Canal Architecture in CHARGE Syndrome.

Objectives: (1) Describe common patterns of semicircular canal (SCC) anomalies in CHARGE syndrome (CS) and (2) recognize that in CS, the architecture of the superior SCC may be relatively preserved.

Study Design: This is a retrospective review of temporal bone imaging studies.

Setting: Quaternary care center.

Understanding user requirements to improve adoption of influenza diagnostics in clinical care within Metro Manila.

Background And Aim: Influenza diagnostics play a critical role informing in clinical management decisions and defining the global epidemiology of the disease to support public health responses. Use of influenza diagnostics within most low-income and middle-income countries remains limited, including in the Philippines, where they are currently used only for epidemiologic surveillance. The aim of this study was to define key considerations, including product characteristics, which may influence future adoption, uptake, and integration of influenza diagnostics into public and private clinical settings in this emerging Asian market.

Safety of radiofrequency ablation for adenotonsillectomy after cochlear implantation.

Objective: While a cadaveric animal study has suggested that radiofrequency ablation can be safely used in patients with cochlear implants, no in vivo studies have been published to confirm that radiofrequency ablation does not alter the integrity of the cochlear implant device.

Methods: Cochlear implant impedance and functional performance were studied through a prospective case series in five children with seven functioning multichannel implants before and after radiofrequency ablation adenotonsillectomy.

Results: There were 4 females and 1 male patient, aged 6-10 years (mean 8.

Tonsillar Small Cell Carcinoma: Potential Contribution of Human Papillomavirus.

BACKGROUND Extrapulmonary small cell carcinoma (SmCC) is a relatively rare clinical entity constituting only 2.5-5% of SmCCs. Recently, evidence has emerged that high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) might play an etiologic role in oropharyngeal SmCC, similar to squamous cell carcinoma.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis presenting as facial nerve palsy in a teenager.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, previously known as Wegener's granulomatosis) is an autoimmune systemic small-vessel vasculitis, associated with the presence of anti-neurophil cytoplasmic antibodies with a cytoplasmic staining pattern (c-ANCA). It is characterized by necrotizing granulomas, usually affecting the airways and kidneys. GPA should be considered when patients do not improve despite adequate treatment of otologic symptoms, when patients have unspecific symptoms suggesting systemic disease (e.

Methotrexate Reduces DNA Integrity in Sperm From Men With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

There are few data on the effects of methotrexate on reproductive capacity in men with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). We performed a case-control study to determine the effects of methotrexate on sperm quality and genetic integrity. We compared sperm samples from 7 men with IBD who had been exposed to methotrexate for at least 3 months with sperm samples collected from 1912 age-matched men at fertility centers (controls) where sperm parameters would be expected to be worse than those of the general population.

Cytochemical flow analysis of intracellular G6PD and aggregate analysis of mosaic G6PD expression.

Background: Medicines that exert oxidative pressure on red blood cells (RBC) can cause severe hemolysis in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Due to X-chromosome inactivation, females heterozygous for G6PD with 1 allele encoding a G6PD-deficient protein and the other a normal protein produce 2 RBC populations each expressing exclusively 1 allele. The G6PD mosaic is not captured with routine G6PD tests.

Anti-Müllerian hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, antral follicle count, and risk of menopause within 5 years.

Objective: To evaluate the ability of concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and concentration of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to predict the onset of menopause.

Study Design: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA) Women's Study was an ancillary study to CARDIA, a population-based study of adults aged 18-30 years followed for 3 decades. For this report, participants were women (n=426) who had attended the CARDIA year 15-16 (2000-2001) examination, had at least one ovary, were not pregnant, and underwent serum AMH and FSH measurement and transvaginal ultrasonography in 2002-2003.