IL-21/IL-21R signaling renders acute myeloid leukemia stem cells more susceptible to cytarabine treatment and CAR T cell therapy.

Self-renewal programs in leukemia stem cells (LSCs) predict poor prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We identify CD4 T cell-derived interleukin (IL)-21 as an important negative regulator of self-renewal of LSCs. IL-21/IL-21R signaling favors asymmetric cell division and differentiation in LSCs through the activation of p38-MAPK signaling, resulting in reduced LSC numbers and significantly prolonged survival in murine AML models.

The regeneration-responsive element monitors activation of Müller glia after MNU-induced damage of photoreceptors in the zebrafish retina.

In contrast to mammals, zebrafish can regenerate their damaged photoreceptors. This capacity depends on the intrinsic plasticity of Müller glia (MG). Here, we identified that the transgenic reporter , a marker of regenerating fin and heart, also participates in retina restoration in zebrafish.

Adult-Onset ADHD: A Critical Analysis and Alternative Explanations.

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized as a neurodevelopmental disorder. However, data from several recent studies suggest that there may be adults who meet current criteria for ADHD, yet did not experience symptoms until adulthood (i.e.

Prescription Stimulant Misuse and Risk Correlates among Racially-Diverse Urban Adolescents.

Background: Most research on prescription stimulant misuse has focused on college students, and research on high school-aged adolescents is limited.

Objectives: This study aimed to characterize risk correlates of prescription stimulant misuse among a racially-diverse and socioeconomically-disadvantaged sample of urban adolescents.

Method: Cross-sectional data were drawn from an ongoing study of adolescent health behaviors, .

Achievement goal orientation and stimulant misuse in college students.

The prevalence of stimulant medication misuse is rising in college students. Motivations to use stimulant medications differ from motivation to use other substances such as alcohol or cannabis. However, no previous research has examined the impact of achievement goal orientation on stimulant misuse in college students.

Factors Associated with Parental Treatment Attitudes and Information-Seeking Behaviors for Childhood ADHD.

Despite the association between childhood ADHD and long-term negative outcomes, there is a significant delay to treatment and a low rate of lifetime treatment contact for individuals with ADHD. The current study examined (a) variables associated with parental treatment-seeking attitudes and information-seeking behaviors and (b) the relationship between these attitudes and behaviors in 87 non-treatment-seeking parents whose children had elevated ADHD symptoms. Regressions indicated that attitudes toward ADHD treatment were associated with ADHD knowledge and misconceptions (s < .

Young Adult Outcomes for Children With 22q11 Deletion Syndrome and Comorbid ADHD.

Background: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is a common microdeletion syndrome associated with a variety of negative health, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral outcomes. 22q11DS is comorbid with many psychiatric disorders including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Skidmore Clips of Neutral and Expressive Scenarios (SCENES): Novel dynamic stimuli for social cognition research.

Social cognition research has relied primarily on photographic emotional stimuli. Such stimuli likely have limited ecological validity in terms of representing real world social interactions. The current study presents evidence for the validity of a new stimuli set of dynamic social SCENES (Skidmore Clips of Emotional and Neutral Expressive Scenarios).