Developmental trajectories of global motion and global form perception from 4 years to adulthood.

Literature on the development of global motion and global form perception demonstrated their asynchronous developmental trajectories. However, former studies have failed to clearly establish the critical period of maturation for these specific abilities. This study aimed to analyze the developmental trajectories of global motion and global form discrimination abilities by controlling for basic visual functions and general cognitive ability and to present the global motion and global form normative scores.

Visual-motor integration and fine motor skills at 6½ years of age and associations with neonatal brain volumes in children born extremely preterm in Sweden: a population-based cohort study.

Objectives: This exploratory study aimed to investigate associations between neonatal brain volumes and visual-motor integration (VMI) and fine motor skills in children born extremely preterm (EPT) when they reached 6½ years of age.

Setting: Prospective population-based cohort study in Stockholm, Sweden, during 3 years.

Participants: All children born before gestational age, 27 weeks, during 2004-2007 in Stockholm, without major morbidities and impairments, and who underwent MRI at term-equivalent age.

Motion Perception and Form Discrimination in Extremely Preterm School-Aged Children.

This population-based study evaluated motion and form perception in 71 children born extreme premature (EPT; < 27 gestational weeks), aged 6.5 years, as compared to a matched group of 79 control children born at term. Motion and form perception were evaluated by motion coherence and form coherence tests.

Deficits in Approximate Number System Acuity and Mathematical Abilities in 6.5-Year-Old Children Born Extremely Preterm.

Preterm children are at increased risk for poor academic achievement, especially in math. In the present study, we examined whether preterm children differ from term-born children in their intuitive sense of number that relies on an unlearned, approximate number system (ANS) and whether there is a link between preterm children's ANS acuity and their math abilities. To this end, 6.

Strengths and challenges faced by school-aged children with unilateral CP described by the Five To Fifteen parental questionnaire.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe motor and non-motor (e.g. cognitive, social, and behavioral) challenges faced in daily life by children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP).

Compromised approximate number system acuity in extremely preterm school-aged children.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the approximate number system acuity in children born extremely preterm aged 6 years 6 months and typically developing, age-matched peers.

Method: This population-based follow-up study included 65 children born before 27 gestational weeks (35 males, 30 females; mean gestational age 25.4 wks [SD 1.

Tick-borne encephalitis carries a high risk of incomplete recovery in children.

Objective: To examine long-term outcome after tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in children.

Study Design: In this population-based cohort, 55 children with TBE with central nervous system involvement infected during 2004-2008 were evaluated 2-7 years later using the Rivermead post-concussion symptoms questionnaire (n = 42) and the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning for parents and teachers (n = 32, n = 22, respectively). General cognitive ability was investigated in a subgroup (n = 20) using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition.

Dissociation of brain areas associated with force production and stabilization during manipulation of unstable objects.

Multifinger dexterous manipulation of unstable or deformable objects requires control of both direction and magnitude of fingertip force vectors. Our aim was to study the neuroanatomical correlates of these two distinct control functions. Brain activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging while 16 male subjects (age: 26-42, M = 32, SD ± 4 years) compressed four springs representing a 2 × 2 factorial design with two levels of force and instability requirements.

Differences in regional brain volume related to the extraversion-introversion dimension--a voxel based morphometry study.

Extraverted individuals are sociable, behaviorally active, and happy. We report data from a voxel based morphometry study investigating, for the first time, if regional volume in gray and white matter brain regions is related to extraversion. For both gray and white matter, all correlations between extraversion and regional brain volume were negative, i.

Evidence of validity in a new method for measurement of dexterity in children and adolescents.

Aim: many everyday activities involve manipulation of objects with the fingertips. Impaired performance in manipulative tasks is common in neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus accurate assessment of an individual's ability to coordinate fingertip forces is important for planning treatment.

The dorsal auditory pathway is involved in performance of both visual and auditory rhythms.

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the effect of two factors on the neural control of temporal sequence performance: the modality in which the rhythms had been trained, and the modality of the pacing stimuli preceding performance. The rhythms were trained 1-2 days before scanning. Each participant learned two rhythms: one was presented visually, the other auditorily.

Intelligence and variability in a simple timing task share neural substrates in the prefrontal white matter.

General intelligence is correlated with the mean and variability of reaction time in elementary cognitive tasks, as well as with performance on temporal judgment and discrimination tasks. This suggests a link between the temporal accuracy of neural activity and intelligence. However, it has remained unclear whether this link reflects top-down mechanisms such as attentional control and cognitive strategies or basic neural properties that influence both abilities.

Extensive piano practicing has regionally specific effects on white matter development.

Using diffusion tensor imaging, we investigated effects of piano practicing in childhood, adolescence and adulthood on white matter, and found positive correlations between practicing and fiber tract organization in different regions for each age period. For childhood, practicing correlations were extensive and included the pyramidal tract, which was more structured in pianists than in non-musicians. Long-term training within critical developmental periods may thus induce regionally specific plasticity in myelinating tracts.