Comparison of Tc-DTPA and Cr-EDTA for glomerular filtration rate measurement with the continuous infusion method.

Background: In late 2018, the production of Chromium-labelled ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (Cr-EDTA), a validated and widely used radio-isotopic tracer for measuring glomerular filtration rate, was halted. Technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-DTPA) has been validated for GFR measurement with a single bolus injection, a procedure not suitable in patients with extracellular compartment hyperhydration. In such cases, a bolus followed by continuous infusion of the tracer is required.

Comparison of Cr-EDTA and Tc-DTPA for glomerular filtration rate measurement.

Purpose: The production of Cr-labelled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Cr-EDTA), a validated and widely used radio-isotopic tracer for glomerular filtration rate (GFR) measurement in Europe, was recently halted by the manufacturer. Technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Tc-DTPA) clearance has so far mostly been restricted to assessment of separate renal function by scintigraphy, but scarcely used and validated for GFR measurement. We compared the performances of Cr-EDTA and Tc-DTPA for GFR and extracellular fluid measurement.

Management of diabetic foot ulcers: a 25% lidocaine topical cream formulation design, physicochemical and microbiological assessments.

Background: Given the importance of surgical debridement in healing of diabetic foot ulcers, effective local anaesthesia is required to manage the related extreme pain. The pharmaceutical proprietary products currently available have low concentrations and do not exceed 5% w/w local anaesthetic.

Objective: Formulation design of a lidocaine cream of 25% and assessment of the intrinsic stability.