An Electrochemical Dopamine Assay with Cobalt Oxide Palatinose Carbon Dots.

Elevated dopamine (DA) levels in urine denote neuroblastoma, a pediatric cancer. Saccharide-derived carbon dots (CDs) were applied to assay DA detection in simulated urine (SU) while delineating the effects of graphene defect density on electrocatalytic activity. CDs were hydrothermally synthesized to vary graphene defect densities using sucrose, raffinose, and palatinose, depositing them onto glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs).

Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy with Erythrosin B, Eosin Y, and Rose Bengal for the inhibition of fungal keratitis isolates: An in vitro study.

Introduction: Fungal keratitis is a leading cause of corneal blindness, with current antifungal treatments having limited efficacy. One promising treatment modality is Rose Bengal (RB) photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) that has shown mixed success against fungal keratitis. Therefore, there is a need to explore the antimicrobial efficacy of other green-light activated photosensitizers that have deep penetration in the cornea to combat the deep fungal infections, such as Erythrosin B (EB) and Eosin Y (EY).

Social Determinants of Quality of Life in the Last Year of Life Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Multimorbidity.

Quality of life (QOL) at the end of life often declines in relation to various determinants, yet the role of social determinants, including social capital, in end-of-life care is frequently overlooked. This study aims to examine the association between social determinants and QOL in the last year of life and to test the mediating role of social capital in the relationship between social determinants and QOL among older adults with multimorbidity (MM). We used secondary data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) in Rounds 10 and 11, involving 3,085 adults aged 65 and older.

A Phase II, Open-Label Study of Lenalidomide and Dexamethasone Followed by Donor Lymphocyte Infusions in Relapsed Multiple Myeloma Following Upfront Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant.

Background: To date, the only potential curative treatment for multiple myeloma (MM) remains allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), although, most patients will eventually relapse. In relapsed patients, donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) have been reported to control disease, but the optimal strategy prior to and doses of DLIs remain unclear. With this study (NCT03413800), we aimed to investigate the efficacy and toxicity of lenalidomide and dexamethasome (Len/Dex) followed by escalating pre-determined doses of DLIs in MM patients who relapsed after allo HCT.

Improved identification of clinically relevant Acute Leukemia subtypes using standardized EuroFlow panels versus non-standardized approach.

Rare acute leukemia (AL) components or subtypes such as blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) or early T-cell precursor acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ETP-ALL) can be difficult to detect by routine flow cytometry due to their immunophenotypes overlapping with other poorly differentiated AL. We hypothesized that using standardized EuroFlow™ Consortium approach could better diagnose such entities among cases that previously classified as acute myeloid leukemia (AML)-M0, AML with minimal differentiation, AML with myelodysplasia-related changes without further lineage differentiation, and AL of ambiguous lineage. In order to confirm this hypothesis and assess whether these AL subtypes such as BPDCN and ETP-ALL had previously gone undetected, we reanalyzed 49 banked cryopreserved sample cases using standardized EuroFlow™ Consortium panels.

Disease Characteristics and Outcomes of 493 Young Myeloma Patients Treated With Modern Therapies: A Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database Study.

Background: Young patients ≤ 50 years old with multiple myeloma (MM) account for about 10% of cases and are underrepresented in the literature.

Methods: We explored disease characteristics, treatments, and outcomes following modern therapies of young MM patients using the Canadian Myeloma Research Group (CMRG) database. We included 493 patients ≤ 50 years old diagnosed with MM or plasma cell leukemia without concurrent amyloidosis or POEMS syndrome from January 1, 2010, to July 1, 2022.

Investigating the Significances of Thiol Functionalities in SARS-CoV-2 Using Carbon Dots for Viral Inhibition.

While the World Health Organization has declared the end of the SARS-CoV-2 public health emergency, studies related to corona viruses are still under course. As of 2024, the severity of COVID-19 has diminished with current treatments and vaccinations. However, individuals can still face severe complications, highlighting the importance of ongoing research into innovative treatments for current and future coronavirus-related diseases.

Ghost cells: Wilder Penfield and the characterization of glia and glial pathology, 1924-1932.

Wilder Penfield is known for his contributions to the structure-function relationship of the brain and for the surgical treatment of focal epilepsy. Less well known are his contributions to the study of glial cells and his investigation of their role in human neuropathology. Penfield learned the gold and silver methods for staining neurons, glial cells, and their projections from Charles Sherrington and Pío del Río-Hortega.

The Pavlovian interpretation of speech and aphasia: Alexander Luria and Wilder Penfield.

This paper discusses a neglected aspect of the historiography of aphasia, the role that Pavlovian conditioning played in Alexander Luria's and Wilder Penfield's understanding of the acquisition, expression, and loss of spoken and written speech. Luria was born into a bourgeois family in Tzarist Russia and pursued his research on speech and aphasia under the Soviet regime. Luria's work was condemned in the last years of Stalin's rule, but it received international acclaim in the West after Stalin's death.

A Droplet Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Tool to Aid in Melanoma Diagnosis.

Context.—: Detecting copy number variations (CNVs) at certain loci can aid in the diagnosis of histologically ambiguous melanocytic neoplasms. Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) is a rapid, automated, and inexpensive method for CNV detection in other cancers, but not yet melanoma.

Instruments for Evaluating Student Learning Outcomes in Palliative Care: A Literature Review.

Primary palliative care is a core component of nursing practice for which all students must receive formal education. Through competency-based education, nursing students develop the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to deliver quality primary palliative care before they transition to practice. Nurse educators in academic and practice settings should use reliable and valid means to evaluate student learning across cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains.

Tandem Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation Does Not Benefit High-Risk Myeloma Patients in the Maintenance Era: Real-World Results from The Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database.

In patients with multiple myeloma (MM), the presence of high-risk cytogenetic abnormalities is associated with worse disease control and survival. Autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) does benefit these patients. Tandem transplantation has been explored as a means to deepen responses and further improve survival however, its role remains controversial.

Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma: clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features.

Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma (SEDC) is a cutaneous adnexal malignancy that is histologically challenging to distinguish from squamous cell carcinoma. We report three cases of this rare entity and review the present literature regarding clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features. Patients presented with a single nodule or plaque lesion on their back and temple.

Tuneable redox-responsive albumin-hitchhiking drug delivery to tumours for cancer treatment.

This paper outlines a novel drug delivery system for highly cytotoxic mertansine (DM1) by conjugating to an albumin-binding Evans blue (EB) moiety through a tuneable responsive disulfide linker, providing valuable insights for the development of effective drug delivery systems toward cancer therapy.

Long-term follow-up of outcomes including progression-free survival 2 in patients with transplant-ineligible multiple myeloma in the real-world practice: A multi-institutional report from the Canadian Myeloma Research Group (CMRG) database.

Multiple myeloma remains an incurable cancer mostly affecting older adults and is characterized by a series of remission inductions and relapses. This study aims to evaluate the outcomes in newly diagnosed transplant-ineligible patients using bortezomib/lenalidomide-based regimens in the Canadian real world as well as their outcomes in the second line. The Canadian Myeloma Research Group Database (CMRG-DB) is a national database with input from multiple Canadian Centres with now up to 8000 patients entered.

Carbon dots as dual inhibitors of tau and amyloid-beta aggregation for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of senile dementia, presenting a significant challenge for the development of effective treatments. AD is characterized by extracellular amyloid plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles. Therefore, targeting both hallmarks through inhibition of amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau aggregation presents a promising approach for drug development.

Gene Transfection Efficiency Improvement with Lipid Conjugated Cationic Carbon Dots.

An ideal vehicle with a high transfection efficiency is crucial for gene delivery. In this study, a type of cationic carbon dot (CCD) known as APCDs were first prepared with arginine (Arg) and pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) as precursors and conjugated with oleic acid (OA) for gene delivery. By tuning the mass ratio of APCDs to OA, APCDs-OA conjugates, namely, APCDs-0.

Against vivisection: Charcot and Pitres' discovery of the human motor cortex and the birth of modern neurosurgery and of the surgical treatment of epilepsy.

This article addresses the discrepancy between Edouard Hitzig's and David Ferrier's findings on the cortical localization of movements in animals and Jean-Martin Charcot's findings in humans. The results of Hitzig's and Ferrier's vivisections were criticized by experimentalists in England and France as discordant, irreproducible, and inconclusive, and they were rejected by clinicians as irrelevant. Charcot addressed the gap between animal and human motor function by correlating motor deficits and focal epileptic seizures in patients to their autopsy findings.