The burden of unexpected costs in medical school.

Background: The cost of medical school continues to climb. What has yet to be well-understood are the so-called "unexpected costs" of medical school that, while not explicitly required, are considered paramount to success. This study aims to identify, quantify, and analyze the impacts of these costs of medical school and offer suggestions in alleviating these burdens.

Enhanced discharge counseling to reduce outpatient opioid use after cesarean delivery: a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Strategies to curb overprescribing have focused primarily on the prescriber as the point of intervention. Less is known about how to empower patients to use fewer opioids and decrease the quantity of leftover opioids. Previous studies in nonobstetrical populations suggest that patient counseling about appropriate opioid use improves disposal of unused opioids and overall knowledge about opioid use.

Alcohol Use in Pregnancy and Miscarriage: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

To systematically review and critically evaluate studies reporting alcohol exposure during pregnancy and miscarriage. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Theses for publications from January 1970 to January 2019. We identified studies about alcohol exposure during pregnancy and miscarriage.

Individualized Compared With Standard Postdischarge Oxycodone Prescribing After Cesarean Birth: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate whether individualized postdischarge oxycodone prescribing guided by inpatient opioid use reduces the number of unused opioid tablets after cesarean birth.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of women aged 18 years or older undergoing cesarean birth. Participants were randomized at discharge in a 1:1 ratio to a standard (30 tablets of 5 mg oxycodone) or an individualized oxycodone prescription (predicted based on each patient's inpatient opioid use).