The β3 Adrenergic Receptor Agonist CL316243 Ameliorates the Metabolic Abnormalities of High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats by Activating AMPK/PGC-1α Signaling in Skeletal Muscle.

Purpose: Skeletal muscle has a major influence on whole-body metabolic homeostasis. In the present study, we aimed to determine the metabolic effects of the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist CL316243 (CL) in the skeletal muscle of high-fat diet-fed rats.

Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated to three groups, which were fed a control diet (C) or a high-fat diet (HF), and half of the latter were administered 1 mg/kg CL by gavage once weekly (HF+CL), for 12 weeks.

Browning of Abdominal Aorta Perivascular Adipose Tissue Inhibits Adipose Tissue Inflammation.

Background: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) can regulate vascular homeostasis by secreting various adipokines. This study investigated the effects of PVAT browning on its endocrine function.

Methods: In the first section of our study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into cold exposure (8°C) and 24°C acclimation groups.

Andrographolide protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular hyporeactivity by suppressing the expression of inducible nitric oxide in periaortic adipose.

This study investigated the role of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in the beneficial effects of andrographolide on vascular reactivity in endotoxaemic rats. After being challenged by lipopolysaccharide (4 mg/kg intraperitoneally), the rats were treated with andrographolide (1 mg/kg intraperitoneally). The response to phenylephrine of aortic rings with or without PVAT was recorded.

Morphine treatment enhances extracellular ATP enzymolysis and adenosine generation in rat astrocytes.

Recent studies have shown that astrocytes play important roles in ATP degradation and adenosine (a well known analgesic molecule) generation, which are closely related to pain signaling pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate whether morphine, a well known analgesic drug, could affect the speeds of ATP enzymolysis and adenosine generation in rat astrocytes. Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) of astrocyte was measured by flow cytometry, and the time points that morphine exerted notable effects were determined for subsequent experiments.