Safety of butylphthalide and edaravone in patients with ischemic stroke: a multicenter real-world study.

Background: Butylphthalide (NBP) and edaravone (EDV) injection are common acute ischemic stroke medications in China, but there is a lack of large real-world safety studies on them. This study aimed to determine the incidence of adverse events, detect relevant safety signals, and assess the risk factors associated with these medications in real-world populations.

Methods: In this study, data of acute ischemic stroke patients were extracted from the electronic medical record database of six tertiary hospitals between January 2019 and August 2021.

LPS-Induced Inflammation Affects Midazolam Clearance in Juvenile Mice in an Age-Dependent Manner.

Purpose: Inflammation has a significant impact on CYP3A activity. We hypothesized that this effect might be age dependent. Our objective was to conduct a population pharmacokinetic study of midazolam in mice at different developmental stages with varying degrees of inflammation to verify our hypothesis.

Developmental Pharmacogenetics of CYP2D6 in Chinese Children: Loratadine as a Substrate Drug.

The elucidation of CYP2D6 developmental pharmacogenetics in children has improved, however, these findings have been largely limited to studies of Caucasian children. Given the clear differences in CYP2D6 pharmacogenetic profiles in people of different ancestries, there remains an unmet need to better understand the developmental pharmacogenetics in populations of different ancestries. We sought to use loratadine as a substrate drug to evaluate the effects of ontogeny and pharmacogenetics on the developmental pattern of CYP2D6 in Chinese pediatric patients.

Prediction of Unbound Ceftriaxone Concentration in Children: Simple Bioanalysis Method and Basic Mathematical Equation.

The pharmacological activity of ceftriaxone depends on the unbound concentration. However, direct measurement of unbound concentrations is obstructive, and high individual variability of the unbound fraction of ceftriaxone was shown in children. We aim to evaluate and validate a method to predict unbound ceftriaxone concentrations in pediatric patients.

First dose in neonates: pharmacokinetic bridging study from juvenile mice to neonates for drugs metabolized by CYP3A.

First dose prediction is challenging in neonates. Our objective in this proof-of-concept study was to perform a pharmacokinetic (PK) bridging study from juvenile mice to neonates for drugs metabolized by CYP3A. We selected midazolam and clindamycin as model drugs.

Cefotiam Treatment in Children: Evidence of Subtherapeutic Levels.

Background: Cefotiam, a second-generation cephalosporin, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with good antibacterial action against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. It is used widely in clinical practice, although bacterial drug resistance makes its clinical use problematic. The authors hypothesized that subtherapeutic concentrations of cefotiam leads to bacterial resistance.

An adapted LC-MS/MS method for the determination of free plasma concentration of cefoperazone in children: Age-dependent protein binding.

Antimicrobial activity of cefoperazone, a high protein bound cephalosporin, depends on its unbound concentration. However, the protein binding data of cefoperazone in children is limited, making it challenging to optimize antimicrobial therapy in pediatric clinical practice. Furthermore, a validated method to measure the free part in children is unavailable with the small volume of samples that can be obtained.

Developmental population pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics and dosing optimization of cefoperazone in children.

Objectives: To evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of cefoperazone in children and establish an evidence-based dosing regimen using a developmental pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic approach in order to optimize cefoperazone treatment.

Methods: A model-based, open-label, opportunistic-sampling pharmacokinetic study was conducted in China. Blood samples from 99 cefoperazone-treated children were collected and quantified by HPLC/MS.

Developmental Pharmacogenetics of SLCO2B1 on Montelukast Pharmacokinetics in Chinese Children.

Background: Montelukast, a potent oral selective leukotriene-receptor antagonist, inhibits the action of cysteinyl-leukotriene in patients with asthma. Although pharmacokinetic studies of montelukast have been reported in Caucasian adults and children, and showed large inter-individual variability on pharmacokinetics, none of these studies has been explored in Chinese children. Given the potential inter-ethnic difference, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of developmental factors and pharmacogenetics of CYP2C8 and SLCO2B1 on montelukast clearance in Chinese pediatric patients.

Off-label use of tacrolimus in children with glomerular disease: Effectiveness, safety and pharmacokinetics.

Glomerular diseases are leading causes of end-stage renal disease in children. Tacrolimus is frequently used off-label in the treatment of glomerular diseases. The effectiveness, safety and pharmacokinetic data of tacrolimus in the treatment of glomerular diseases in children are reviewed in this paper to provide evidence to support its rational use in clinical practice.

Efficacy and short-term side effects of sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin in Chinese diabetes: a randomized clinical trial.

Aims: To investigate the difference in the efficacy among dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors in Chinese adults with newly diagnosed diabetes.

Materials And Methods: In a multicenter, randomized study, we enrolled adults who were either treatment naive or off prior anti-hyperglycemic therapy for at least 3 months. Eligible patients had hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) concentrations of 6.

[The absorption kinetics of oleanolic acid self-microemulsion in rat stomach and intestine].

Objective: To study the absorption kinetics of oleanolic acid self-microemulsion in rat stomach and intestine.

Methods: The absorption kinetics were obtained by using the in situ perfusion method in rat. The absorption of drug was determinated by the decrease in stomach and intestine with the HPLC as the detection method.