Intussusception and Other Adverse Event Surveillance after Pilot Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccine in Nam Dinh and Thua Thien Hue Provinces-Vietnam, 2017-2021.

Rotavin-M1 (POLYVAC) was licensed in Vietnam in 2012. The association of Rotavin-M1 with intussusception, a rare adverse event associated with rotavirus vaccines, and with adverse events following immunization (AEFI) have not been evaluated and monitored under conditions of routine use. From February 2017 to May 2021, we conducted a pilot introduction of Rotavin-M1 into the routine vaccination program in two provinces.

Prevalence and Characterization of Gastroenteritis Viruses among Hospitalized Children during a Pilot Rotavirus Vaccine Introduction in Vietnam.

Rotavirus (RV), norovirus (NoV), sapovirus (SaV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) are the most common viral causes of gastroenteritis in children worldwide. From 2016 to 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to determine the prevalence of these viruses in hospitalized children under five years old in Nam Dinh and Thua Thien Hue provinces in Vietnam during the pilot introduction of the RV vaccine, Rotavin-M1 (POLYVAC, Hanoi, Vietnam). We randomly selected 2317/6718 (34%) acute diarrheal samples from children <5 years of age enrolled at seven sentinel hospitals from December 2016 to May 2021; this period included one year surveillance pre-vaccination from December 2016 to November 2017.

Impact and effectiveness of Rotavin-M1 under conditions of routine use in two provinces in Vietnam, 2016-2021, an observational and case-control study.

Background: Half of diarrhea hospitalizations in children aged <5 years in Vietnam are due to rotavirus. Following introduction of a locally developed and licensed oral rotavirus vaccine, Rotavin-M1, into the routine immunization program in two Vietnamese provinces, Nam Dinh and TT Hue, we describe changes in rotavirus positivity among children hospitalized for diarrhea and calculate vaccine effectiveness against moderate-to-severe rotavirus hospitalizations.

Methods: Active rotavirus surveillance among children <5 years began in December 2016 at sentinel hospitals in districts where rotavirus vaccine was introduced in December 2017.

Exploring vaccine priorities and preferences: Results from a mixed-methods study in low- and middle-income settings.

Background: is the leading bacterial cause of diarrheal mortality in children and can cause long-term effects on growth and development. No licensed vaccines currently exist but several promising candidates are in development and could be available in the next five years. Despite being a well-known public health target of the World Health Organization for decades, given current burden estimates and competing preventable disease priorities in low-income settings, whether the availability of an effective vaccine will lead to its prioritization and widespread introduction among countries at highest risk is unknown.

A case-control study of agricultural and behavioral factors associated with leptospirosis in Vietnam.

Introduction: Leptospirosis is a neglected disease in Vietnam. Until now, there has been limited knowledge about risk factors of this disease in Vietnam. The study was carried out to identify agricultural and behavioral factors associated with the transmission of leptospirosis in Vietnam.

Characteristics of human leptospirosis in three different geographical and climatic zones of Vietnam: a hospital-based study.

Background: To our knowledge, this study is the first report on the seroprevalence of human leptospirosis and its epidemiological profile in 3 different geographical and climatic zones of Vietnam.

Methodology: A hospital-based surveillance in 11 public hospitals in 3 provinces in Vietnam enrolled 3,815 patients with suspected leptospirosis. Two consecutive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgM and a single microscopic aggregation test were applied at a 1:100 to 1:800 dilution for probable or confirmed cases.

Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 presence on environmental surfaces and waste in healthcare and non-healthcare facilities.

Objective: The objective of the paper is to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 on inanimate surfaces in four healthcare facilities treating patients with COVID-19 and four quarantine regiments of provincial military commands.

Methods: From August to October 2020, a total of 468 one-off environmental samples consisting of inanimate surfaces, garbage, and wastewater were collected. The real-time RT-PCR assay targeting E and RdRp genes to detect SARS-CoV-2 and checklist and questionnaire of disinfection practices were employed.

infection among human-close-contact animals in different geographical areas in Vietnam.

Leptospirosis is a neglected disease in Vietnam. Only a few studies have evaluated the status of infection in both humans and animals. To our knowledge, this is the first serological survey of in both domestic and wild animals, which may act as reservoirs of this agent.

End-user acceptability study of the nanopatch™; a microarray patch (MAP) for child immunization in low and middle-income countries.

A promising new delivery technology, the microarray patch (MAPs) consists of an array of small solid-coated or dissolvable needles, up to one mm in length, that administers a dry formulation of a vaccine or pharmaceutical. This study is not a real-life evaluation study but determines the anticipated acceptability of the Nanopatch™, a solid microarray patch device, in Benin, Nepal and Vietnam for vaccine delivery, and identifies factors that could improve the acceptability of the technology to increase measles immunization coverage. This study combined several evaluation methods, including simulation of vaccine administration on children and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders, healthcare workers, community health volunteers, caretakers, and community representatives.

Physical activity and nutrition behaviour outcomes of a cluster-randomized controlled trial for adults with metabolic syndrome in Vietnam.

Background: Metabolic syndrome is prevalent among Vietnamese adults, especially those aged 50-65 years. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a 6 month community-based lifestyle intervention to increase physical activity levels and improve dietary behaviours for adults with metabolic syndrome in Vietnam.

Methods: Ten communes, involving participants aged 50-65 years with metabolic syndrome, were recruited from Hanam province in northern Vietnam.

Physical activity and nutrition program for adults with metabolic syndrome: Process evaluation.

Introduction: The Vietnam Physical Activity and Nutrition (VPAN) program aimed to improve physical activity and nutrition for adults aged 50-65 years with Metabolic Syndrome in Vietnam. The VPAN program consisted of a range of resources and strategies, including an information booklet, resistance band, face-to-face education sessions, and walking groups. This process evaluation assessed the participation, fidelity, satisfaction, and reasons for completing and not-completing the VPAN.

Effectiveness of a Community-Based Physical Activity and Nutrition Behavior Intervention on Features of the Metabolic Syndrome: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its subclinical diseases are now public health problems in Vietnam. This study aimed at determining the effectiveness of a physical activity and nutrition program for reducing MetS proportion and its components among adults with MetS in Hanam province, Vietnam.

Methods: A total of 417 volunteers aged 50-65 years with MetS were recruited from 10 communes.

Cost of rotavirus diarrhea for programmatic evaluation of vaccination in Vietnam.

Background: Rotavirus is the most common etiology of diarrhea-associated hospitalizations and clinic visits in Vietnamese children < 5 years old. To estimate the economic burden of rotavirus-associated formal healthcare encounters, an economic study was conducted.

Methods: A cost-of-illness study was performed from a societal perspective.

Community-based physical activity and nutrition programme for adults with metabolic syndrome in Vietnam: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and type II diabetes. In Vietnam, more than one-quarter of its population aged 50-65 have MetS. This cluster-randomised controlled trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to increase levels of physical activity and improve dietary behaviours among Vietnamese adults aged 50-65 years with MetS.

Acceptability and Feasibility of Delivering Pentavalent Vaccines in a Compact, Prefilled, Autodisable Device in Vietnam and Senegal.

Background: Prefilled syringes are the standard in developed countries but logistic and financial barriers prevent their widespread use in developing countries. The current study evaluated use of a compact, prefilled, autodisable device (CPAD) to deliver pentavalent vaccine by field actors in Senegal and Vietnam.

Methods: We conducted a logistic, programmatic, and anthropological study that included a) interviews of immunization staff at different health system levels and parents attending immunization sessions; b) observation of immunization sessions including CPAD use on oranges; and c) document review.

Immunogenicity of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine among infants in two developing countries in Asia, Bangladesh and Vietnam.

Background: We evaluated the immunogenicity of the pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (PRV) in two GAVI-eligible Asian countries, Bangladesh and Vietnam, nested in a larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy trial conducted over a two-year period from 2007 through 2009.

Methods: 2036 infants were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive three oral doses of PRV or placebo approximately at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Concomitant use of EPI vaccines, including oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and diphtheria-tetanus-whole cell pertussis (DTwP) vaccine, was encouraged in accordance to the local EPI schedule.

Human papillomavirus vaccine introduction in Vietnam: formative research findings.

Background: Formative research is a useful tool for designing new health interventions. This paper presents key findings from formative research conducted in Vietnam to guide human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine introduction.

Methods: We explored the sociocultural environment, health system capacity and the policy-making process using a combined quantitative and qualitative methodology.

Efficacy of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developing countries in Asia: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Rotavirus vaccine has proved effective for prevention of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in developed countries, but no efficacy studies have been done in developing countries in Asia. We assessed the clinical efficacy of live oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine for prevention of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in infants in Bangladesh and Vietnam.

Methods: In this multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, undertaken in rural Matlab, Bangladesh, and urban and periurban Nha Trang, Vietnam, infants aged 4-12 weeks without symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive three oral doses of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine 2 mL or placebo at around 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks of age, in conjunction with routine infant vaccines including oral poliovirus vaccine.

Community knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward rabies prevention in North Vietnam.

In recent years, despite the accessibility to vaccines (both for humans and animals), rabies remains a problem in many areas of Vietnam. While the number of rabies deaths decreased by 90% from 1994 to 2003, the number of rabies deaths increased from 2004 to 2007. In 2007, the number of rabies victims was 2-3 times higher than in 2003 and 131 people died as a result of rabies.