Enterococcus avium Infection After Liver Transplantation in Vietnam: A Case Report.

Background: The infectious complications are the most common and can be life-threatening to liver transplant recipients, in particular, within the first month after transplantation. Early diagnosis of these severe complications and accurate detection of causative etiologies are crucial for the choice of therapeutic strategies and management of liver transplants.

Case Report: We present a case report of a patient with a history of primary sclerosing cholangitis who underwent a liver transplantation (LT) from a living donor.

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential as a prognostic factor: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

With advances in sequencing, individuals with clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) are increasingly being identified, making it essential to understand its prognostic implications. We conducted a systematic review of studies comparing the risk of clinical outcomes in individuals with and without CHIP. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE and included original research reporting an outcome risk measure in individuals with CHIP, adjusted for the effect of age.

Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin on the Course of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Secondary Analysis of the ASPREE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in old age. There is no proven intervention to prevent AMD and, apart from lifestyle, nutritional, and supplement advice, there is no intervention to delay its progression.

Objective: To determine the impact of long-term low-dose aspirin on the incidence and progression of AMD.

Immunoglobulin replacement vs prophylactic antibiotics for hypogammaglobulinemia secondary to hematological malignancy.

Immunoglobulin replacement and prophylactic antibiotics are commonly used to prevent infections in patients with secondary hypogammaglobulinemia due to hematological malignancies but have never been directly compared. In this randomized controlled feasibility trial conducted in 7 hospitals in Australia and New Zealand, we enrolled patients with secondary hypogammaglobulinemia with either a history of recurrent/severe infection or an immunoglobulin G level <4 g/L. Participants were randomized in a 1:2 ratio to immunoglobulin (0.

Advancing randomized controlled trial methodologies: The place of innovative trial design in eating disorders research.

Randomized controlled trials can be used to generate evidence on the efficacy and safety of new treatments in eating disorders research. Many of the trials previously conducted in this area have been deemed to be of low quality, in part due to a number of practical constraints. This article provides an overview of established and more innovative clinical trial designs, accompanied by pertinent examples, to highlight how design choices can enhance flexibility and improve efficiency of both resource allocation and participant involvement.

Handling missing disease information due to death in diseases that need two visits to diagnose.

In studies that assess disease status periodically, time of disease onset is interval censored between visits. Participants who die between two visits may have unknown disease status after their last visit. In this work, we consider an additional scenario where diagnosis requires two consecutive positive tests, such that disease status can also be unknown at the last visit preceding death.

Transfusion practices in intensive care units: An Australian and New Zealand point prevalence study.

Objective: To describe current transfusion practices in intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia and New Zealand, compare them against national guidelines, and describe how viscoelastic haemostatic assays (VHAs) are used in guiding transfusion decisions.

Design Setting And Participants: Prospective, multicentre, binational point-prevalence study. All adult patients admitted to participating ICUs on a single day in 2021.

Plant-Associated Representatives of the Group Are a Rich Source of Antimicrobial Compounds.

Seventeen bacterial strains able to suppress plant pathogens have been isolated from healthy Vietnamese crop plants and taxonomically assigned as members of the group. In order to prove their potential as biocontrol agents, we perform a comprehensive analysis that included the whole-genome sequencing of selected strains and the mining for genes and gene clusters involved in the synthesis of endo- and exotoxins and secondary metabolites, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Kurstakin, thumolycin, and other AMPs were detected and characterized by different mass spectrometric methods, such as MALDI-TOF-MS and LIFT-MALDI-TOF/TOF fragment analysis.

Low-Dose Aspirin and the Risk of Stroke and Intracerebral Bleeding in Healthy Older People: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Low-dose aspirin has been widely used for primary and secondary prevention of stroke. The balance between potential reduction of ischemic stroke events and increased intracranial bleeding has not been established in older individuals.

Objective: To establish the risks of ischemic stroke and intracranial bleeding among healthy older people receiving daily low-dose aspirin.

Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin Versus Placebo on Incidence of Anemia in the Elderly : A Secondary Analysis of the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly Trial.

Background: Daily low-dose aspirin increases major bleeding; however, few studies have investigated its effect on iron deficiency and anemia.

Objective: To investigate the effect of low-dose aspirin on incident anemia, hemoglobin, and serum ferritin concentrations.

Design: Post hoc analysis of the ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly) randomized controlled trial.

Janus structures of the polymorph of gallium monochalcogenides: first-principles examination of GaXY (X/Y = S, Se, Te) monolayers.

Group III monochalcogenide compounds can exist in different polymorphs, including the conventional and phases. Since the bulk form of the -group III monochalcogenides has been successfully synthesized [ (2006) 235202], prospects for research on their corresponding monolayers have also been opened. In this study, we design and systematically consider a series of Janus structures formed from the two-dimensional phase of gallium monochalcogenide GaXY (X/Y = S, Se, Te) using first-principles simulations.

Associations of body size with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in healthy older adults.

In the general population, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference are recognized risk factors for several chronic diseases and all-cause mortality. However, whether these associations are the same for older adults is less clear. The association of baseline BMI and waist circumference with all-cause and cause-specific mortality was investigated in 18,209 Australian and US participants (mean age: 75.

Daily Low-Dose Aspirin and Risk of Serious Falls and Fractures in Healthy Older People: A Substudy of the ASPREE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Falls and fractures are frequent and deleterious to the health of older people. Aspirin has been reported to reduce bone fragility and slow bone loss.

Objective: To determine if daily low-dose aspirin (100 mg) reduces the risk of fractures or serious falls (fall-related hospital presentations) in healthy older men and women.

CKD Biomarkers, Cognitive Impairment, and Incident Dementia in an Older Healthy Cohort.

Background: CKD is a risk factor for cognitive impairment (CI), but reports of individual associations of eGFR and albuminuria with CI and incident dementia in healthier, older, longitudinal populations are lacking. Our goal was to estimate these associations in a large cohort of older healthy persons.

Methods: In a longitudinal cohort study of older persons without prior cardiovascular disease, we estimated the associations between baseline eGFR (in ml/min per 1.

Prediction of disability-free survival in healthy older people.

Prolonging survival in good health is a fundamental societal goal. However, the leading determinants of disability-free survival in healthy older people have not been well established. Data from ASPREE, a bi-national placebo-controlled trial of aspirin with 4.

A multistate model of health transitions in older people: a secondary analysis of ASPREE clinical trial data.

Background: Understanding the nature of transitions from a healthy state to chronic diseases and death is important for planning health-care system requirements and interventions. We aimed to quantify the trajectories of disease and disability in a population of healthy older people.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the ASPREE trial, which was done in 50 sites in Australia and the USA and recruited community-dwelling, healthy individuals who were aged 70 years or older (≥65 years for Black and Hispanic people in the USA) between March 10, 2010, and Dec 24, 2014.

Prognostic Value of a Polygenic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease in Individuals Aged 70 Years and Older.

Background: The use of a polygenic risk score (PRS) to improve risk prediction of coronary heart disease (CHD) events has been demonstrated to have clinical utility in the general adult population. However, the prognostic value of a PRS for CHD has not been examined specifically in older populations of individuals aged ≥70 years, who comprise a distinct high-risk subgroup. The objective of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of a PRS for incident CHD events in a prospective cohort of older individuals without a history of cardiovascular events.

Cardiovascular risk prediction in healthy older people.

Identification of individuals with increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) is important. However, algorithms specific to the elderly are lacking. Data were analysed from a randomised trial involving 18,548 participants ≥ 70 years old (mean age 75.

Phase I/II trial of concurrent extracranial palliative radiation therapy with Dabrafenib and Trametinib in metastatic BRAF V600E/K mutation-positive cutaneous Melanoma.

Background: Concurrent treatment with BRAF inhibitors and palliative radiation therapy (RT) could be associated with increased toxicity, especially skin toxicity. Current Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) consensus guideline recommend ceasing BRAF inhibitors during RT. There is a lack of data regarding concurrent RT with combined BRAF and MEK inhibitors.

Predictive Performance of a Polygenic Risk Score for Incident Ischemic Stroke in a Healthy Older Population.

Background And Purpose: Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) can be used to predict ischemic stroke (IS). However, further validation of PRS performance is required in independent populations, particularly older adults in whom the majority of strokes occur.

Methods: We predicted risk of incident IS events in a population of 12 792 healthy older individuals enrolled in the ASPREE trial (Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly).

Effect of Aspirin on Activities of Daily Living Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Background: Cerebrovascular events, dementia, and cancer can contribute to physical disability with activities of daily living (ADL). It is unclear whether low-dose aspirin reduces this burden in aging populations. In a secondary analysis, we now examine aspirin's effects on incident and persistent ADL disability within a primary prevention aspirin trial in community-dwelling older adults.

Draft Genome Sequences of 59 Endospore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacteria Associated with Crop Plants Grown in Vietnam.

We report the draft genome sequences of 59 Gram-positive bacterial strains that were isolated from Vietnamese crop plants. The strains were assigned to nine different and species. Ten strains classified as being a sp.