Comparative phenotypic and proteomic analysis of colistin-exposed .

Introduction: The emergence of colistin resistance threatens the treatment of infections.

Methods: In this study, in vitro development of colistin resistance was investigated using comparative phenotypic and proteomic analysis of ATCC 9027, its 14-day colistin sub-MIC exposed strain (Col-E1), and 10-day antibiotic-free cultured Col-E1 strain (Col-E2). Antibiotic susceptibility, morphology, virulence factors, and proteomic changes were assessed using disc-diffusion, agar-based, spectrophotometry, SEM, and iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS methods.

Adaptive response of under serial ciprofloxacin exposure.

Understanding the evolution of antibiotic resistance is important for combating drug-resistant bacteria. In this work, we investigated the adaptive response of to ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin-susceptible ATCC 9027, CIP-E1 ( ATCC 9027 exposed to ciprofloxacin for 14 days) and CIP-E2 (CIP-E1 cultured in antibiotic-free broth for 10 days) were compared.