Constructing heterostructured photocatalysts with highly exposed active sites proves to be an efficient strategy to improve the photocatalytic performance of bismuth-based photocatalysts. In this work, active site-exposed BiWO@BiOCl (BWO@BOC) heterostructure composites based on two bismuth-based materials were fabricated by an growth method for improving the photocatalytic hydrogenation of 4-aniline (4-NA) to -phenylenediamine (PPD). BWO@BOC exhibited enhanced photoactivity for 4-NA hydrogenation compared to pure BWO and BOC.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelective CO-to-CO photoreduction is under intensive research and requires photocatalysts with tuned microstructures to accelerate the reaction kinetics. Here, we report CuInS nanosheet arrays with sulfur vacancies (V) grown on the two-dimensional (2D) support of TiCT MXene for CO-to-CO photoreduction. Our results reveal that the use of TiCT induces strong support effect, which causes the hierarchical nanosheet arrays growth of CuInS and simultaneously leads to charge transfer from CuInS to TiCT support, resulting in V formed in CuInS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe application of scattered light via an antenna-reactor configuration is promising for converting thermocatalysts into photocatalysts. However, the efficiency of dielectric antennas in photon-to-chemical conversion remains suboptimal. Herein, we present an effective approach to promote light utilization efficiency by designing dielectric antenna-hybrid bilayered reactors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The authors aimed to compare combined intraoperative chemotherapy and surgical resection with curative surgical resection alone in colorectal cancer patients.
Methods: The authors performed a multicenter, open-label, randomized, phase III trial. All eligible patients were randomized and assigned to intraoperative chemotherapy and curative surgical resection or curative surgical resection alone (1:1).
To report the long-term outcomes of Chinese rectal cancer patients after adopting a Watch and Wait (W&W) strategy following neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). This multicenter, cross-sectional study was based on real-world data. The study cohort comprised rectal cancer patients who had achieved complete or near complete clinical responses (cCRs, near-cCRs) after NAT and were thereafter managed by a W&W approach, as well as a few patients who had achieved good responses after NAT and had then undergone local excision for confirmation of pathological complete response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy has shown encouraging efficacy in patients with deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), which suggests its potential as a curative-intent therapy and a promising treatment option for organ preservation. We aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of patients with dMMR/MSI-H LARC who experienced clinical complete response (cCR) after anti-PD-1 therapy.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with dMMR/MSI-H LARC who achieved cCR and received nonoperative management following neoadjuvant anti-PD-1-based treatment from 4 Chinese medical centers.
Background: Programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor is effective for colorectal cancer (CRC) with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) or high microsatellite instability (MSI-H). We aimed to explore its effects on CRCs and colonic polyps in Lynch syndrome (LS) patients.
Methods: LS patients with CRC who had evaluable tumours and received at least 2 cycles of PD-1 inhibitors were retrospectively included.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
February 2023
Improving energy efficiency is an important measure of environmental governance. At present, studies on the impact of high-speed rail on energy efficiency need to be further studied. This paper constructs panel data of 285 cities at prefecture-level and above in China from 2003 to 2017, and uses the difference-in-difference (DID) to study the impact of high-speed railway on urban energy efficiency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Colorectal cancer with mismatch repair deficiency is usually less aggressive and associated with a lower risk of distant metastasis. Immune checkpoint inhibition, rather than traditional chemoradiotherapy, has shown great advantages in treating such patients.
Objective: This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that locally very advanced (T4b) colorectal cancer without distant metastases might present with higher probability of mismatch repair deficiency and be more sensitive to neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibition.
Inducing latency reversal to reveal infected cells to the host immune system represents a potential strategy to cure HIV infection. In separate studies, we have previously shown that CD8 T cells may contribute to the maintenance of viral latency and identified a novel SMAC mimetic/IAP inhibitor (AZD5582) capable of reversing HIV/SIV latency by activating the non-canonical (nc) NF-κB pathway. Here, we use AZD5582 in combination with antibody-mediated depletion of CD8α cells to further evaluate the role of CD8 T cells in viral latency maintenance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGastroenterol Rep (Oxf)
October 2020
Background: Although universal testing for mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) has been recommended to all colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, related evidence for the Chinese population is lacking. Here, we investigated the prevalence and clinicopathological features of dMMR patients in a large Chinese CRC cohort.
Methods: We included 7,373 CRC patients treated at four Chinese medical centers between August 2010 and September 2016.
Mathematical modelling has successfully been used to provide quantitative descriptions of many viral infections, but for the Ebola virus, which requires biosafety level 4 facilities for experimentation, modelling can play a crucial role. Ebola virus modelling efforts have primarily focused on in vivo virus kinetics, e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenes (Basel)
August 2020
Currently, an increasing number of studies suggest that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and methylation-regulated lncRNAs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, methylated differentially expressed lncRNAs (MDELs) may be critical biomarkers of HCC. In this study, 63 MDELs were identified by screening The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HCC lncRNAs expression data set and lncRNAs methylation data set.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTreatment of HIV infection with either antiretroviral (ARV) therapy or neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (NAbs) leads to a reduction in HIV plasma virus. Both ARVs and NAbs prevent new rounds of viral infection, but NAbs may have the additional capacity to accelerate the loss of virus-infected cells through Fc gamma receptor (FcγR)-mediated effector functions, which should affect the kinetics of plasma-virus decline. Here, we formally test the role of effector function in vivo by comparing the rate and timing of plasma-virus clearance in response to a single-dose treatment with either unmodified NAb or those with either reduced or augmented Fc function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn combating viral infections, the Fab portion of an antibody could mediate virus neutralization, whereas Fc engagement of Fc-γ receptors (FcγRs) could mediate an array of effector functions. Evidence abounds that effector functions are important in controlling infections by influenza, Ebola, or HIV-1 in animal models. However, the relative contribution of virus neutralization versus effector functions to the overall antiviral activity of an antibody remains unknown.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurr Opin Syst Biol
December 2019
Mathematical modeling has been instrumental in enhancing our understanding of the viral dynamics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We give a primer on HBV infection in humans and a brief overview of the development of within-host mathematical models of HBV infection. In the last decade, models have advanced from considering chronic HBV infections under therapy to the pathogenesis of infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMathematical models (MMs) have been used to study the kinetics of influenza A virus infections under antiviral therapy, and to characterize the efficacy of antivirals such as neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs). NAIs prevent viral neuraminidase from cleaving sialic acid receptors that bind virus progeny to the surface of infected cells, thereby inhibiting their release, suppressing infection spread. When used to study treatment with NAIs, MMs represent viral release implicitly as part of viral replication.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA defective interfering particle (DIP) in the context of influenza A virus is a virion with a significantly shortened RNA segment substituting one of eight full-length parent RNA segments, such that it is preferentially amplified. Hence, a cell co-infected with DIPs will produce mainly DIPs, suppressing infectious virus yields and affecting infection kinetics. Unfortunately, the quantification of DIPs contained in a sample is difficult because they are indistinguishable from standard virus (STV).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn 2007, the A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1) seasonal influenza virus strain acquired the oseltamivir-resistance mutation H275Y in its neuraminidase (NA) gene. Although previous studies had demonstrated that this mutation impaired the replication capacity of the influenza virus in vitro and in vivo, the A/Brisbane/59/2007 H275Y oseltamivir-resistant mutant completely out-competed the wild-type (WT) strain and was, in the 2008-2009 influenza season, the primary A/H1N1 circulating strain. Using a combination of plaque and viral yield assays, and a simple mathematical model, approximate values were extracted for two basic viral kinetics parameters of the in vitro infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExperimentation in vitro is a vital part of the process by which the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a particular influenza virus strain are determined. We detail the considerations which must be made in designing appropriate theoretical/mathematical models of these experiments and show how modeling can increase the information output of such experiments. Starting from a traditional system of ordinary differential equations, common to infectious disease modeling, we broaden the approach by using an agent-based model, applicable to more general experimental geometries and assumptions about the biological properties of viruses, cell and their interaction.
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