Rural-urban differences in meeting of physical activity recommendations by sun exposure and protection behaviors in the United States.

Objective: To examine associations between sun protection behaviors and physical activity (PA) by rural and urban residence in the United States.

Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2018), restricting to participants ages 20-59 with sun behavior data. Sunburns, sun exposure, and sun protection measures were dichotomized (yes/no): ≥1 sunburn in the past year, 2+ hour outside during workdays or non-workdays, and never/rarely/sometimes using sunscreen, wearing long sleeves, and staying in the shade.

Rural-Urban Differences in Sun Exposure and Protection Behaviors in the United States.

Background: Evidence regarding whether rural residence is a risk factor for skin cancer is mixed. We compared sun exposure and protection behaviors between rural and urban residents by ethno-racial group in the United States.

Methods: We analyzed data from three (2013-2018) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles.

Exploring factors associated with preferences for human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling among racially- and ethnically-diverse women in Minnesota: A cross-sectional study.

Pap tests are still underutilized by minority women due to limited awareness of cervical cancer screening (CCS), inadequate health care access, and cultural or religious beliefs. Human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling, a new CCS tool, has demonstrated potential to overcome some of these barriers. In 2021, women aged 30-65 years old were recruited across Minnesota to complete an online survey.

A UVR-sensor wearable device intervention to reduce sun exposure in melanoma survivors: Results from a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Melanoma survivors are at increased risk of developing a second primary melanoma; however, some report sub-optimal sun behaviors and sunburns. We tested the effectiveness of a wearable device with ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-sensing technology to improve sun behaviors and reduce sunburns in cutaneous melanoma survivors.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a randomized controlled trial using Shade 2, a commercially available wrist device that measures UVR.

Health care personnel's perspectives on human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling for cervical cancer screening: a pre-implementation, qualitative study.

Background: Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types is a well-documented cause of cervical cancer. Since the implementation of cervical cancer screening methods (e.g.

Life-Course Transitions in Rural Residence and Old-Age Mortality in Iowa, 1930-2014.

Early-life conditions are associated with mortality in men, but not studied to the same extent in women. We add new evidence by studying a cohort of women born between 1916 and 1931 and followed for mortality between 1986 and 2013. Our sample from Iowa includes a significant number of rural women, from both farms and small towns.

Examining the Association of Food Insecurity and Being Up-to-Date for Breast and Colorectal Cancer Screenings.

Background: Food insecurity (FI) has been associated with poor access to health care. It is unclear whether this association is beyond that predicted by income, education, and health insurance. FI may serve as a target for intervention given the many programs designed to ameliorate FI.

Cross-sectional study of physical activity among long-term melanoma survivors and population controls.

Physical activity has been associated with improved outcomes among cancer survivors of various malignancies; however, this topic is understudied among melanoma survivors. Our objective was to determine whether long-term melanoma survivors are less likely to meet American Cancer Society physical activity guidelines than non-melanoma population controls. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 2015 to follow up participants from a case-control study of melanoma and population controls in Minnesota.

Examining Rural-Urban Differences in Fatalism and Information Overload: Data from 12 NCI-Designated Cancer Centers.

Background: Rural populations experience a disproportionate cancer burden relative to urban populations. One possibility is that rural populations are more likely to hold counterproductive cancer beliefs such as fatalism and information overload that undermine prevention and screening behaviors.

Methods: Between 2016 and 2020, 12 U.

The Use of the Video, "Dear 16-Year-Old Me," as a Melanoma Education Tool in Ambulatory Dermatology.

Background: Skin cancer continues to be the most common cancer in the United States. The rise of social media platforms and internet use offers an opportunity to present health information through video-based education. The video "Dear 16-Year-OldMe," addresses the risks associated with tanning and sun exposure, the importance of practicing sun protection, and shares stories from melanoma survivors.

Differences in Breast and Colorectal Cancer Screening Adherence Among Women Residing in Urban and Rural Communities in the United States.

Importance: Screening for breast and colorectal cancer has resulted in reductions in mortality; however, questions remain regarding how these interventions are being diffused to all segments of the population. If an intervention is less amenable to diffusion, it could be associated with disparities in mortality rates, especially in rural vs urban areas.

Objectives: To compare the prevalence of breast and colorectal cancer screening adherence and to identify factors associated with screening adherence among women residing in rural vs urban areas in the United States.

Associations of Novel Lifestyle- and Whole Foods-Based Inflammation Scores with Incident Colorectal Cancer Among Women.

Background: Chronic inflammation, associated with lifestyle and dietary factors, may contribute to colorectal carcinogenesis. To address this, we investigated associations of previously validated, inflammation biomarker panel-weighted, novel, 4-component lifestyle (LIS) and 19-component predominately whole foods-based dietary (DIS) inflammation scores with incident colorectal cancer (CRC) in the prospective Iowa Women's Health Study (IWHS; 1986-2012;  = 34,254, of whom 1,632 developed CRC).

Methods: We applied the published scores' components' weights, summed the weighted components to constitute the scores (higher scores reflect a higher balance of pro-inflammatory exposures), and investigated LIS- and DIS-CRC associations using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.

Tanning Misinformation Posted by Businesses on Social Media and Related Perceptions of Adolescent and Young Adult White Non-Hispanic Women: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Indoor ultraviolet (UV) tanning is common and consequential, increasing the risk for cancers including melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. At-risk groups include adolescents and young adults, who often report beliefs about benefits of tanning. Adolescent and young adults are also among the most ubiquitous social media users.

Associations of dietary and lifestyle oxidative balance scores with mortality risk among older women: the Iowa Women's Health Study.

Purpose: Substantial basic science evidence suggests that oxidative stress may play a role in aging-related health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer, and oxidative stress markers were linked with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in epidemiologic studies. However, the associations of many individual dietary and lifestyle anti-/pro-oxidant exposures with mortality are inconsistent. Oxidative balance scores (OBS) that incorporated multiple dietary and lifestyle factors were previously developed and reported to reflect the collective oxidative effects of multiple exposures.

Novel Dietary and Lifestyle Inflammation Scores Directly Associated with All-Cause, All-Cancer, and All-Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risks Among Women.

Background: Exogenous exposures collectively may contribute to chronic, low-grade inflammation and increase risks for major chronic diseases and mortality. We previously developed, validated, and reported a novel, FFQ-based and lifestyle questionnaire-based, inflammation biomarker panel-weighted, predominantly whole foods-based 19-component dietary inflammation score (DIS) and 4-component lifestyle inflammation score (LIS; comprising physical activity, alcohol intake, BMI, and current smoking status). Both scores were more strongly associated with circulating biomarkers of inflammation in 3 populations than were previously reported dietary inflammation indices.

Cross-sectional study of sex differences in psychosocial quality of life of long-term melanoma survivors.

Purpose: A cancer diagnosis and subsequent treatment can have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life. Differences in quality of life by sex among long-term melanoma survivors remain unclear. The objective of this study was to describe sex differences in cancer-specific psychosocial quality of life of long-term melanoma survivors.

Associations of coffee and tea consumption with lung cancer risk.

Associations of coffee and tea consumption with lung cancer risk have been inconsistent, and most lung cancer cases investigated were smokers. Included in this study were over 1.1 million participants from 17 prospective cohorts.

Sucrose Intakes and Incident Colorectal Cancer Risk among Women.

Background: High sucrose intakes are hypothesized to increase colorectal cancer (CRC) risk by several mechanisms, and sucrose intakes have been consistently positively associated with CRC risk in case-control studies. However, all but one prospective study reported a null sucrose-CRC association. The only prospective study to report a positive association was the Iowa Women's Health Study (IWHS) of 35,221 cancer-free Iowa women, aged 55 - 69 years old at baseline in 1986, after four years of follow up.

Diabetes and kidney cancer risk among post-menopausal women: The Iowa women's health study.

Background: Many studies have reported a positive association between diabetes and kidney cancer. However, it is unclear whether diabetes is a risk factor for kidney cancer independent of other risk factors, such as obesity and hypertension. We comprehensively examined the association of diabetes and its duration with incident kidney cancer in the prospective cohort Iowa Women's Health Study (1986-2011).

UVR-sensor wearable device intervention to improve sun behaviors and reduce sunburns in melanoma survivors: study protocol of a parallel-group randomized controlled trial.

Background: Individuals who have been diagnosed with melanoma have more than a 9-fold increased risk of developing another melanoma. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure following a melanoma diagnosis can be modified to reduce risk of a new melanoma diagnosis. Yet research shows that many melanoma survivors do not report optimal sun protection practices.

Associations between tissue-based CD3+ T-lymphocyte count and colorectal cancer survival in a prospective cohort of older women.

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer (CRC) predict better survival. However, associations between T-lymphocyte count in histologically normal tissues from patients with CRC and survival remain uncertain. We examined associations of CD3+ T-cells in colorectal tumor and histologically normal tissues with CRC-specific and all-cause mortality in the prospective Iowa Women's Health Study.