Why multiple hypothesis test corrections provide poor control of false positives in the real world.

Most scientific disciplines use significance testing to draw conclusions about experimental or observational data. This classical approach provides a theoretical guarantee for controlling the number of false positives across a set of hypothesis tests, making it an appealing framework for scientists seeking to limit the number of false effects or associations that they claim to observe. Unfortunately, this theoretical guarantee applies to few experiments, and the true false positive rate (FPR) is much higher.

Chemical contaminants in donkey milk: A review of literature on sources, routes and pathways of contamination, regulatory framework, health risks, and preventive measures.

Donkey milk has garnered increasing attention due to its potential health benefits and nutritional properties, positioning it as a valuable alternative to cow's milk for specific consumer groups, such as individuals with allergies, young children, elderly populations, and those with compromised immune systems. However, the presence of chemical contaminants in donkey milk presents a significant concern for food safety and public health. This review aims to provide an assessment of the types and sources of chemical contaminants in donkey milk, including heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and antimicrobial and antiparasitic veterinary drugs.

Ditching the norm: Using alternative distributions for biological data analysis.

Most classical statistical tests assume data are normally distributed. If this assumption is not met, researchers often turn to non-parametric methods. These methods have some drawbacks, and if no suitable non-parametric test exists, a normal distribution may be used inappropriately instead.

Causal mediation analysis: How to avoid fooling yourself that causes .

The purpose of many preclinical studies is to determine whether an experimental intervention affects an outcome through a particular mechanism, but the analytical methods and inferential logic typically used cannot answer this question, leading to erroneous conclusions about causal relationships, which can be highly reproducible. A causal mediation analysis can directly test whether a hypothesised mechanism is partly or completely responsible for a treatment's effect on an outcome. Such an analysis can be easily implemented with modern statistical software.

Evaluation of longitudinal passive immunity transfer against lumpy skin disease virus in calves by different serological methods.

To implement effective lumpy skin disease (LSD) control measures, such as timely vaccination, particularly in calves and serological monitoring, it is necessary to evaluate immune response after vaccination, both in adult cattle and in their calves. The aim of this study was to evaluate passive immunity transfer and duration of maternal antibodies against lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in calves born to vaccinated cows by two different serological methods. The longitudinal study was carried out on two farms in Serbia where no cases were reported during LSD outbreak in 2016.

Diagnostic Performance of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Versus Multiparametric MRI for Detection of Intraprostatic Radiorecurrent Prostate Cancer.

For men with prostate cancer who develop biochemical failure after radiotherapy, European guidelines recommend reimaging with Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI). However, the accuracy of Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for detecting intraprostatic recurrences is unclear, both with and without mpMRI. A single-center retrospective study of a series of patients investigated for radiorecurrence between 2016 and 2022 is described.

Insecticidal Activity of Selected Essential Oils against (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

The spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive polyphagous pest of soft-skinned fruit that has started to threaten small fruit production in Europe since 2008. High reproductive capacity, short generation time, and difficulties in visualizing early damage contribute to its rapid spread. Currently, the control strategy against mostly relies on treatment with synthetic insecticides.

Complete genome reconstruction of the global and European regional dispersal history of the lumpy skin disease virus.

Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) has a complex epidemiology involving multiple strains, recombination, and vaccination. Its DNA genome provides limited genetic variation to trace outbreaks in space and time. Sequencing of LSDV whole genomes has also been patchy at global and regional scales.

Serological Examinations of Significant Viral Infections in Domestic Donkeys at the Special Nature Reserve "Zasavica", Serbia.

The paper presents the findings of specific antibodies in the blood sera of donkeys against the following viruses: equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), African horse sickness virus (AHSV), equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), equine influenza virus subtype H3N8 (EIV) and equine arteritis virus (EAV). The analyses were conducted during the year 2022. From a total of 199 donkeys bred in "Zasavica", blood was sampled from 53 animals (2 male donkeys and 51 female donkeys), aged 3 to 10 years.

African Swine Fever Outbreak in an Enclosed Wild Boar Hunting Ground in Serbia.

African swine fever (ASF) has been detected in many European countries since its introduction in Georgia in 2007. Serbia suffered its first case of ASF in the domestic pig population in 2019. At the beginning of 2020, ASF was detected in wild boars in open hunting grounds in the southeastern region of the country in districts along the country's borders with Romania and Bulgaria.

Optimal experimental design for efficient toxicity testing in microphysiological systems: A bone marrow application.

Microphysiological systems (MPS; organ-on-a-chip) aim to recapitulate the 3D organ microenvironment and improve clinical predictivity relative to previous approaches. Though MPS studies provide great promise to explore treatment options in a multifactorial manner, they are often very complex. It is therefore important to assess and manage technical confounding factors, to maximise power, efficiency and scalability.

Immune genotypes, immune responses, and survival in a wild bird population.

Individuals vary in their immune genotype, inbreeding coefficient f, immune responses, survival to adulthood, and adult longevity. However, whether immune genes predict survival or longevity, whether such relationships are mediated through immune responses, and how f affects immune genotype remain unclear. We use a wild song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) population in which survival to adulthood, adult longevity, and f were measured precisely, and in which immune responses have previously been assessed.

Epidemiological Predictors of Positive SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Chain Reaction Test in Three Cohorts: Hospitalized Patients, Healthcare Workers, and Military Population, Serbia, 2020.

(1) Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a fast-moving pandemic. Diagnostic testing, aimed to identify patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, plays a key role in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic in different populations. (2) Methods: This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate predictors associated with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) SARS-CoV-2 test results in hospitalized patients, healthcare workers (HCWs), and military personnel (MP) during 2020, before the widespread availability of COVID-19 vaccines.

Donkey Milk: An Overview of its Chemical Composition and Main Nutritional Properties or Human Health Benefit Properties.

The donkey milk has a remarkable similarity to human milk, in addition to its valuable nutritional composition and content of numerous immune factors. The donkey milk is the subject of research worldwide, and data from the literature suggest significant differences with respect to the contents of individual components. However, some basic characteristics of donkey milk have been established: low contents of fat and cholesterol, total proteins and casein and high contents of lactose, whey proteins, calcium, selenium, and Vitamin D3.

Diagnosis of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Outbreaks on Layer Hen and Broiler Breeder Farms in Vojvodina, Serbia.

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is a respiratory disease of poultry characterized by high morbidity and variable mortality. ILT is caused by (GaHV-1), which is transmitted horizontally and most susceptible are chickens older than 4 weeks. After almost two decades since last appearance of this disease in Vojvodina, an outbreak occurred from April 2020 to August 2021 on five laying hen farms and one broiler breeder flock farm.

Development and Optimization of Indirect ELISAs for the Detection of Anti-Capripoxvirus Antibodies in Cattle, Sheep, and Goat Sera.

Sheeppox (SPP), goatpox (GTP), and lumpy skin disease (LSD) are economically significant pox diseases of ruminants, caused by sheeppox virus (SPPV), goatpox virus (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), respectively. SPPV and GTPV can infect both sheep and goats, while LSDV mainly affects cattle. The recent emergence of LSD in Asia and Europe and the repeated incursions of SPP in Greece, Bulgaria, and Russia highlight how these diseases can spread outside their endemic regions, stressing the urgent need to develop high-throughput serological surveillance tools.

Immunomonitoring of Monocyte and Neutrophil Function in Critically Ill Patients: From Sepsis and/or Trauma to COVID-19.

Immune cells and mediators play a crucial role in the critical care setting but are understudied. This review explores the concept of sepsis and/or injury-induced immunosuppression and immuno-inflammatory response in COVID-19 and reiterates the need for more accurate functional immunomonitoring of monocyte and neutrophil function in these critically ill patients. in addition, the feasibility of circulating and cell-surface immune biomarkers as predictors of infection and/or outcome in critically ill patients is explored.

Inhibition of miR-21 Promotes Cellular Senescence in NT2-Derived Astrocytes.

Astrocytes are the main homeostatic cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that provide mechanical, metabolic, and trophic support to neurons. Disruption of their physiological role or acquisition of senescence-associated phenotype can contribute to the CNS dysfunction and pathology. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the complex physiology of astrocytes are explored insufficiently.

Intensive West Nile Virus Circulation in Serbia in 2018-Results of Integrated Surveillance Program.

The results of the Serbian national integrated West Nile virus (WNV) surveillance program conducted in 2018 and funded by the Serbian Veterinary Directorate are presented. The WNV surveillance program encompassed the entire territory of Serbia and was conducted by the veterinary service in collaboration with entomologists and ornithologists. The objective of the program was early detection of WNV circulation in the environment and timely reporting to the public health service and local authorities to increase clinical and mosquito control preparedness.

Flexible Fitting of PROTAC Concentration-Response Curves with Changepoint Gaussian Processes.

A proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) is a new technology that marks proteins for degradation in a highly specific manner. During screening, PROTAC compounds are tested in concentration-response (CR) assays to determine their potency, and parameters such as the half-maximal degradation concentration (DC) are estimated from the fitted CR curves. These parameters are used to rank compounds, with lower DC values indicating greater potency.

The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research.

Reproducible science requires transparent reporting. The ARRIVE guidelines (Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments) were originally developed in 2010 to improve the reporting of animal research. They consist of a checklist of information to include in publications describing in vivo experiments to enable others to scrutinise the work adequately, evaluate its methodological rigour and reproduce the methods and results.

Tumor genomic, transcriptomic, and immune profiling characterizes differential response to first-line platinum chemotherapy in high grade serous ovarian cancer.

Background: In high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), there is a spectrum of sensitivity to first line platinum-based chemotherapy. This study molecularly characterizes HGSOC patients from two distinct groups of chemotherapy responders (good vs. poor).

Effects of individual versus group housing system during the weaning-to-estrus interval on reproductive performance of sows.

Selection of appropriate housing conditions for sows is critical for their physical health and long-term reproductive success. The present objective was to evaluate the influences of housing system postweaning (i.e.

The effect of time to surgery in neck of femur fracture patients with ASA Grade of 3 and above.

Introduction: Hip fractures are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Early surgery has been shown to reduce mortality rates and surgical complications. The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade is a widely used tool to assess preoperative health of patients.

Coalescence, crystallographic orientation and luminescence of ZnO nanowires grown on Si(001) by chemical vapour transport.

We analyse the morphological, structural and luminescence properties of self-assembled ZnO nanowires grown by chemical vapour transport on Si(001). The examination of nanowire ensembles by scanning electron microscopy reveals that a non-negligible fraction of nanowires merge together forming coalesced aggregates during growth. We show that the coalescence degree can be unambiguously quantified by a statistical analysis of the cross-sectional shape of the nanowires.