Case Report: Evolutionary Clinical-Radiological Features of a Diffuse Hemispheric Glioma, H3 G34 Mutant with Over 5 Years of Survival.

Diffuse hemispheric glioma (DHG), H3 G34 mutant was included in the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System recently published. Given the recent inclusion in the current classification and its rarity in adult patients, there are scarce data on clinical-radiological characteristics, survival, and outcome. The authors report the case of a 35-year-old female with DHG, H3 G34-mutant characteristics and outcomes with an unusual presentation, recurrence, and prolonged survival.

Intracranial vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging features of infectious vasculitis.

Vasculitis is a complication of several infectious diseases affecting the central nervous system, which may result in ischemic and/or hemorrhagic stroke, transient ischemic attack, and aneurysm formation. The infectious agent may directly infect the endothelium, causing vasculitis, or indirectly affect the vessel wall through an immunological mechanism. The clinical manifestations of these complications usually overlap with those of non-infectious vascular diseases, making diagnosis challenging.

Arterial Spin Labeling: Techniques, Clinical Applications, and Interpretation.

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is an emerging noninvasive MRI technique for assessing cerebral perfusion. An important advantage of ASL perfusion is the lack of a requirement for an exogenous tracer. ASL uses magnetically labeled water protons from arterial blood as an endogenous diffusible tracer.

Cervical solitary fibrous tumor: case report and literature review.

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare neoplasms in the spinal canal. There are few studies addressing SFT/hemangiopericytomas with no distinctive clinical characteristics, no conclusive radiological findings or even a well-defined best treatment strategy. We described a rare case of cervical SFT/hemangiopericytomas in a young patient with spinal cord compression.

Neurosyphilis and High-Resolution Vessel Wall Imaging: A Powerful Tool to Detect Vasculitis and Neuritis.

Syphilis is a reemergent infection worldwide. There has been a steady increase in incidence across many population groups in the last decades, requiring public health authorities' attention. We report a case of a 67-year-old man with neurosyphilis who presented with abrupt clinical ophthalmic changes and sensorineural hearing loss.

Myxoid glioneuronal tumour - report of three cases of a new tumour in a typical location and review of literature.

Formerly called dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour (DNET) of the septum pellucidum, myxoid glioneuronal tumour (MGT) was recently recognized as a distinct entity. We report three cases of presumed MGT with typical location and image features.

Neuroimaging of Emergent and Reemergent Infections.

Infectious diseases emerge and reemerge over the years, and many of them can cause neurologic disease. Several factors contribute to the emergence and reemergence of these conditions, including human population growth, an increase in international travel, the geographic expansion of recognized pathogens to areas where they were previously nonendemic, and greater contact with wild animal reservoirs. The antivaccination social movement has played an important role in the reemergence of infectious diseases, especially some viral conditions.

Temporal horns subependymomas: A report of two cases of an intraventricular neoplasm in an atypical location.

Slow-growing intraventricular masses are sometimes imaging findings in asymptomatic patients. The neuroimaging characteristics frequently help making the correct diagnosis and the treatment decision. Subependymomas usually present as single lesions poorly vascularized, without invasion into adjacent brain parenchyma or cerebrospinal fluid dissemination.

Cerebellar Ataxia in Children: A Clinical and MRI Approach to the Differential Diagnosis.

: The cerebellum has long been recognized as a fundamental structure in motor coordination. Structural cerebellar abnormalities and diseases involving the cerebellum are relatively common in children. The not always specific clinical presentation of ataxia, incoordination, and balance impairment can often be a challenge to attain a precise diagnosis.

SPG7 with parkinsonism responsive to levodopa and dopaminergic deficit.

We report a 55-year-old woman with a long history of a gait disturbance that was followed by dysarthria and urinary incontinence. She underwent brain MRI, SPECT with TRODAT imaging and whole-exome sequencing, revealing the diagnosis of SPG7. She developed parkinsonism responsive to levodopa, expanding the phenotype of complex SPG7.

Parasitic and rare spinal infections.

The imaging features of spinal parasitic diseases and other rare infections are herein discussed. These diseases are distributed worldwide, with increased prevalence in areas with poor sanitary conditions and in developing countries. In nonendemic areas, sporadic cases may occur, consequent to increased international travel and immunocompromising conditions.

Granulomatous diseases of the central nervous system.

Infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), particularly those accompanied by the formation of granulomas, are a constant diagnostic challenge in some specific regions of the world, above all in developing countries. The pattern of image seen on CT or MR scan is the result of the inter-relations between the individual characteristics of the infectious agent and the capacity of each host to mount an appropriate inflammatory response to that specific type of aggression, inside one particular compartment of the CNS. Taking these parameters into account we will discuss the several patterns of image found in parasitic, bacterial, and fungal granulomatous infections.

Imaging aspects of pyogenic infections of the central nervous system.

Although pyogenic infections of the central nervous system are not a frequent group of diseases, their morbidity and mortally are very high. For this reason they require prompt diagnosis and treatment to avoid several complications that can lead to an undesired outcome. In this article, we review the imaging findings of these infections according to the anatomic site, their complications, and their differential diagnosis.

Neurocysticercosis: evaluation with advanced magnetic resonance techniques and atypical forms.

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common helminthic infection of the central nervous system, but its diagnosis remains difficult. The purpose of this article is to perform a critical analysis of the literature and show our experience in the evaluation of NCC. We discuss the advanced MR technique applications such as diffusion and perfusion-weighted imaging, spectroscopy, cisternography with FLAIR, and supplemental O2 and 3D-CISS.