The critical role of persistent sodium current in hippocampal gamma oscillations.

Gamma network oscillations in the brain are fast rhythmic network oscillations in the gamma frequency range (~30-100 Hz), playing key roles in the hippocampus for learning, memory, and spatial processing. There is evidence indicating that GABAergic interneurons, including parvalbumin-expressing basket cells (PVBCs), contribute to cortical gamma oscillations through synaptic interactions with excitatory cells. However, the molecular, cellular, and circuit underpinnings underlying generation and maintenance of cortical gamma oscillations are largely elusive.

Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors generate two types of intrinsic membrane oscillations in hippocampal oriens/alveus interneurons.

GABAergic interneurons in the hippocampus are critically involved in almost all hippocampal circuit functions including coordinated network activity. Somatostatin-expressing oriens-lacunosum moleculare (O-LM) interneurons are a major subtype of dendritically projecting interneurons in hippocampal subregions (e.g.

Cell Type-specific Intrinsic Perithreshold Oscillations in Hippocampal GABAergic Interneurons.

The hippocampus plays a critical role in learning, memory, and spatial processing through coordinated network activity including theta and gamma oscillations. Recent evidence suggests that hippocampal subregions (e.g.

Development of the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area and the influence of estrogen-like compounds.

One of the well-defined sexually dimorphic structures in the brain is the sexually dimorphic nucleus, a cluster of cells located in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus. The rodent sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area can be delineated histologically using conventional Nissl staining or immunohistochemically using calbindin D28K immunoreactivity. There is increasing use of the bindin D28K-delineated neural cluster to define the sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area in rodents.