Allele frequencies and genotype distribution of three metformin transporter polymorphisms in Mexican population and their application in pharmacogenomics of type 2 diabetes.

Background: Metformin is the first-line antidiabetic therapy for type 2 diabetes in Mexico, despite recent recommendations highlighting alternatives like GLP-1 receptor agonists for individuals with obesity. Metformin elimination is reliant on liver and kidney function, and variants in transport proteins such as Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Protein 1 (MATE1), MATE2, and Organic Cation Transporter 2 (OCT2) can influence its pharmacokinetics. Understanding these variants' frequencies in the Mexican population is crucial for tailoring personalized treatment strategies.

Risk of microalbuminuria in relatives of subjects with diabetic nephropathy: a predictive model based on multivariable dimensionality reduction approach.

Aim: To evaluate a predictive model of microalbuminuria by using anthropometric, clinical and genetic variables in relatives of subjects with diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: Eligible subjects, aged 18-63 years with body mass index<35 kg/m2, and first degree relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. A total of 70 individuals with microalbuminuria were compared with 60 individuals without microalbuminuria.

Haptoglobin 2-2 genotype is associated with TNF- α and IL-6 levels in subjects with obesity.

Objective: To evaluate the association between Haptoglobin (HP) gene polymorphisms with inflammatory status in obese subjects.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 276 apparently healthy men and nonpregnant obese women were enrolled and allocated according to the HP genotype into the HP (1)/HP (1), HP (2)/HP (1), and HP (2)/HP (2) groups.

Relation between C-reactive protein and impaired fasting glucose in obese subjects.

Chronic systemic inflammation, characterized by elevated levels of the acute phase proteins, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), plays an important role in the pathogenesis of glucose metabolic disturbances and diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine if the elevated levels of CRP are associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in obese subjects. Healthy obese men and nonpregnant obese women were enrolled in a case-control study.

Klippel-Feil syndrome in a boy exposed inadvertently to cyclophosphamide during pregnancy: a case report.

Background: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an alkylating agent widely used as an immunosuppressive agent in the treatment of several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus. Its teratogenic effect has been well studied in different experimental mammalian and non-mammalian animal models. In humans, 11 cases of CPA teratogenesis have been documented.

Distribution of three SNPs related to low bone mineral density in Amerindian groups and Mestizos from Mexico.

Objectives: Some Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of several candidate genes have been associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. As the genetic variability of such SNPs in Hispanic and Native American populations is scarce, we analyzed the three SNPs that have been related with bone mass disorders (Sp1, A163G, and BsmI) located in the genes of Type I Collagen (COL1A1), Osteoprotegerin (OPG), and Vitamin D receptor (VDR) in Mexican Mestizos (people resulting from post-Columbian admixture) and five Amerindian populations.

Methods: We genotyped these three SNPs by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) in 523 individuals from five Mexican Amerindian groups (Nahua, Maya, Purépecha, Tarahumara, and Huichol) and 227 western Mestizos (Jalisco state).

C-reactive protein is directly associated with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio.

Background And Aims: There are no studies that elucidate whether the role of inflammation in the increase of urinary albumin is independent, mediated by family history or by risk factors acquired during life in the offspring of subjects with type 2 diabetes. We undertook this study to evaluate whether elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are independently associated with urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) in the offspring of subjects with diabetic nephropathy.

Methods: A total of 64 healthy males and healthy nonpregnant females, offspring of subjects with diabetic nephropathy, aged 18-69 years, and with body mass index ≤35 kg/m(2) were enrolled in a cross-sectional study.

Identification of leptin gene expression in sinusoidal endothelial rat liver cells.

Sinusoidal endothelial liver cells (SECs) have a key role in the pathophysiology of chronic liver disease. Leptin is an important profibrogenic and proinflammatory cytokine whose expression in sinusoidal endothelial liver has not been documented. The authors studied the potential of rat SECs to express the leptin and leptin receptor genes.

[Prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia among women over fifty years of age, from the city of Durango, Mexico, diagnosed by forearm-DEXA].

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of osteopenia and osteporosis using distal forearm dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry among a random sample of women of 50 years or older living in the city of Durango, Mexico.

Material And Methods: 258 women participated in a cross-sectional study fielded at the Osteoporosis Clinic of Durango. Bone mineral density was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Heritability and genetic correlations of metabolic disease-related phenotypes in Mexico: preliminary report from the GEMM Family Study.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of mortality in the Republic of Mexico, and metabolic syndrome, a complex of CVD risk factors, is increasingly prevalent. To date, however, there have been few studies of the genetic epidemiology of metabolic syndrome in Mexico. As a first step in implementing the GEMM Family Study, a large, multicenter collaborative study, we recruited 375 individuals in 21 extended families, without ascertainment on disease, at 9 medical institutions across Mexico.

Aortic preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes induced by rosiglitazone in an in vitro model.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a key transcription factor for adipocyte differentiation. Preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes from precursors in blood vessels is an important issue related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; however, it has been poorly studied because of lack of experimental models. Our aim was to evaluate the potential of primary outgrowths derived from rat aortic rings as a model for studying the preadipocyte differentiation from aortic precursors induced by thiazolidinediones, which are exogenous ligands for PPARgamma.

Estrogens are potentially the only steroids with an antioxidant role in pregnancy: in vitro evidence.

Background: Pregnancy is a condition that favors oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress is involved in the etiopathogenesis of disorders of pregnancy such as pre-eclampsia. An antioxidant effect of estrogens has been described and a putative role of them as antioxidants has been proposed.

Cell growth in vitro directed by handmade patterns.

In this report, we show how the in vitro model of mechanically injured confluent monolayers of cultured mammalian cells, consisting in denudation by gentle scraping of areas in the monolayer, can be extended to obtain patterned cell cultures without using preadded attaching matrices. This work was done with a sinusoidal endothelial liver cell line. Patterns for cell growth were drawn in confluent monolayers by cell detaching with the aid of pipette tips followed by reincubation of the culture.

del(X)(p22.1)/r(X)(p22.1q28) Dynamic mosaicism in a Turner syndrome patient.

We report on a 16-year-old patient with Turner syndrome who presented a mos 46,X,del(X)(p22.1)[35]/45,X [19]/46,X,r(X)(p22.1q28)[6]GTG-band karyotype.

[Gestational diabetes mellitus and congenital malformations].

Introduction: Maternal diabetes mellitus affects approximately 5% of all pregnancies. Pregestational diabetes mellitus has been associated with a high risk of spontaneous abortions and congenital malformations during the first trimester of pregnancy then is considered teratogenic. This frequency of birth defects is three to fivefold increased compared with general population.

Autosomal dominant inheritance in Cantú syndrome (congenital hypertrichosis, osteochondrodysplasia, and cardiomegaly).

Cantú syndrome (CS) is characterized by congenital hypertrichosis, osteochondrodysplasia, cardiomegaly, and coarse facial appearance; autosomal recessive inheritance has been postulated. We report on a Mexican family with CS; the affected members are the 44-year-old father and his two children (a male and female), aged 14 and 4 years, respectively; each shows the classic characteristics, but the father and the brother also have a previously unreported feature, namely, a thick calvarium. This is the first reported instance of male-to-male transmission of CS.