Perceptions of Knowledge and Experience in Nature-Based Health Interventions.

Although perceptions and uses vary, nature-based health interventions (NBHIs) help facilitate the additional health benefits of physical activity (PA) experienced in nature, thereby reducing all-cause morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this mixed-methods, cross-sectional study was to better understand perceptions, terminology, and participation in NBHIs. A questionnaire was developed by reviewing validated instruments and gauging expert experience with stakeholders.

Citizenship status and career self-efficacy: An intersectional study of biomedical trainees in the United States.

This study examines the intersectional role of citizenship and gender with career self-efficacy amongst 10,803 doctoral and postdoctoral trainees in US universities. These biomedical trainees completed surveys administered by 17 US institutions that participated in the National Institutes of Health Broadening Experiences in Scientific Training (NIH BEST) Programs. Findings indicate that career self-efficacy of non-citizen trainees is significantly lower than that of US citizen trainees.

Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure From Acquired Hemochromatosis in a Patient With Sickle Cell Disease.

Late presentations of liver failure were previously rare in clinical practice given the high mortality of sickle cell disease (SCD) and shorter life expectancy compared to the general population. With advancements in therapeutics for SCD, patients with SCD have increased lifespans, and with them, patients are placed at increased risk for differing patterns of chronic and end-organ failures. We describe a case of an elderly patient who had multiple chronic complications from her years of SCD, including end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis, acquired hemochromatosis, cirrhosis, and pulmonary hypertension.

A New Measure of Posterior Morphology in Sagittal Craniosynostosis: The Occipital Bullet Index.

Introduction: Sagittal craniosynostosis (SC) is associated with scaphocephaly, an elongated narrow head shape. Assessment of regional severity in the scaphocephalic head is limited by the use of serial computed tomographic (CT) imaging or complex computer programing. Three-dimensional measurements of cranial surface morphology provide a radiation-free alternative for assessing cranial shape.

Development and Assessment of a Sustainable PhD Internship Program Supporting Diverse Biomedical Career Outcomes.

A doctoral-level internship program was developed at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill with the intent to create customizable experiential learning opportunities for biomedical trainees to support career exploration, preparation, and transition into their post-graduate professional roles. We report the outcomes of this program over a five-year period. During that 5-year period, 123 internships took place at over 70 partner sites, representing at least 20 academic, for-profit, and non-profit career paths in the life sciences.

An emerging field: An evaluation of biomedical graduate student and postdoctoral education and training research across seven decades.

Biomedical graduate student and postdoctoral education and training research has expanded greatly over the last seven decades, leading to increased publications and the emergence of a field. The goal of this study was to analyze this growth by performing a cross-sectional bibliometric analysis using a systematic approach to better understand the publishing trends (including historical vs. emerging themes and research priorities); depth, structure, and evidence-basis of content; and venues for publication.

Creation of the Scaphocephalic Index: Measurement of Global and Regional Severity in Scaphocephaly.

Background: The recently described frontal bossing index (FBI) and occipital bullet index (OBI) allow for quantification of scaphocephaly. A similar index examining biparietal narrowing has not been described. Addition of such an index measuring width would allow for direct evaluation of the primary growth restriction in sagittal craniosynostosis and the formation of an optimized global width/length measure.

Snow Microorganisms Colonise Arctic Soils Following Snow Melt.

Arctic soils are constantly subjected to microbial invasion from either airborne, marine, or animal sources, which may impact local microbial communities and ecosystem functioning. However, in winter, Arctic soils are isolated from outside sources other than snow, which is the sole source of microorganisms. Successful colonisation of soil by snow microorganisms depends on the ability to survive and compete of both, the invading and resident community.

The Need for Additional Surgery after Passive versus Active Approaches to Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: Endoscopically assisted craniofacial surgery (EACS) has numerous advantages over traditional, open approaches, such as fronto-orbital advancement in treating nonsyndromic craniosynostosis. However, several articles report high reoperation rates in syndromic patients treated with EACS. This meta-analysis and review examines undesirable outcome rates (UORs), defined as reoperation or Whitaker category III/IV, in syndromic patients undergoing primary EACS compared with procedures that actively expand the cranial vault.

Selection processes of Arctic seasonal glacier snowpack bacterial communities.

Background: Arctic snowpack microbial communities are continually subject to dynamic chemical and microbial input from the atmosphere. As such, the factors that contribute to structuring their microbial communities are complex and have yet to be completely resolved. These snowpack communities can be used to evaluate whether they fit niche-based or neutral assembly theories.

The impact of stress and anesthesia on animal models of infectious disease.

Stress and general anesthesia have an impact on the functional response of the organism due to the detrimental effects on cardiovascular, immunological, and metabolic function, which could limit the organism's response to an infectious event. Animal studies have formed an essential step in understanding and mitigating infectious diseases, as the complexities of physiology and immunity cannot yet be replicated . Using animals in research continues to come under increasing societal scrutiny, and it is therefore crucial that the welfare of animals used in disease research is optimized to meet both societal expectations and improve scientific outcomes.

Developing evidence-based resources for evaluating postgraduate trainees in the biomedical sciences.

Postgraduate trainees elevate the academic strength of institutions by conducting research, promoting innovation, securing grant funding, training undergraduate students, and building alliances. Rigorous and systematic program evaluation can help ensure that postgraduate training programs are achieving the program's intended outcomes. The purpose of this project was to develop evidence-based evaluation tools that could be shared across federally funded biomedical training programs to enhance program evaluation capacity.

The Virtual Interview Experience: Advantages, Disadvantages, and Trends in Applicant Behavior.

Unlabelled: Residency programs and applicants were forced to hold virtual interviews during the 2020-2021 application cycle. Inability to evaluate a program and/or applicant in person has intangible drawbacks. However, there are obvious advantages: cost, convenience, and comfort.

Characteristics of hip joint reaction forces during a range of activities.

The paper reports the characteristics of joint forces for 9 activities in 18 normal healthy subjects. Activities included Walk, Walk Turn, Stand to Sit, Sit to Stand, Squat, Stand Reach, Kneel Reach, Lunge, and Golf Swing. Within the cohort ∼30% variability occurred in the manner in which each activity was completed.

Characterisation and natural progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the infectious disease COVID-19, which has rapidly become an international pandemic with significant impact on healthcare systems and the global economy. To assist antiviral therapy and vaccine development efforts, we performed a natural history/time course study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in ferrets to characterise and assess the suitability of this animal model. Ten ferrets of each sex were challenged intranasally with 4.

Using stakeholder insights to enhance engagement in PhD professional development.

There is increasing awareness of the need for pre- and post-doctoral professional development and career guidance, however many academic institutions are only beginning to build out these functional roles. As a graduate career educator, accessing vast silos and resources at a university and with industry-partners can be daunting, yet collaboration and network development are crucial to the success of any career and professional development office. To better inform and direct these efforts, forty-five stakeholders external and internal to academic institutions were identified and interviewed to gather perspectives on topics critical to career development offices.

Morphology of the Occipital Bones and Foramen Magnum Resulting From Premature Minor Suture Fusion in Crouzon Syndrome.

To identify skull-base growth patterns in Crouzon syndrome, we hypothesized premature minor suture fusion restricts occipital bone development, secondarily limiting foramen magnum expansion. Skull-base suture closure degree and cephalometric measurements were retrospectively studied using preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans and multiple linear regression analysis. Evaluation of multi-institutional CT images and 3D reconstructions from Wake Forest's Craniofacial Imaging Database (WFCID).

A cross-institutional analysis of the effects of broadening trainee professional development on research productivity.

PhD-trained scientists are essential contributors to the workforce in diverse employment sectors that include academia, industry, government, and nonprofit organizations. Hence, best practices for training the future biomedical workforce are of national concern. Complementing coursework and laboratory research training, many institutions now offer professional training that enables career exploration and develops a broad set of skills critical to various career paths.

Erratum: Johnson et al. Alston Virus, a Novel Paramyxovirus Isolated from Bats Causes Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Experimentally Challenged Ferrets. 2018, , 675.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

Analysis of hip joint cross-shear under variable activities using a novel virtual joint model within Visual3D.

Cross-shear forces occur between bearing surfaces at the hip and have been identified as a key contributor to prosthesis wear. Understanding the variation in relative motion paths between both individuals and activities, is a possible explanation for increased revision rates for younger patients and could assist in improved pre-clinical testing regimes. Additionally, there is little information for the pre-clinical testing of cartilage substitution therapies for younger more active individuals.

Type I Hypersensitivity in Ferrets Following Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Inoculum: Lessons Learned.

This case report discusses Type I hypersensitivity in ferrets following exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inoculum, observed during a study investigating the efficacy of candidate COVID-19 vaccines. Following a comprehensive internal root-cause investigation, it was hypothesized that prior prime-boost immunization of ferrets with a commercial canine C3 vaccine to protect against the canine distemper virus had resulted in primary immune response to fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the C3 preparation. Upon intranasal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus cultured in medium containing FBS, an allergic airway response occurred in 6 out of 56 of the ferrets.

Effects of psychosocial support interventions on survival in inpatient and outpatient healthcare settings: A meta-analysis of 106 randomized controlled trials.

Background: Hospitals, clinics, and health organizations have provided psychosocial support interventions for medical patients to supplement curative care. Prior reviews of interventions augmenting psychosocial support in medical settings have reported mixed outcomes. This meta-analysis addresses the questions of how effective are psychosocial support interventions in improving patient survival and which potential moderating features are associated with greater effectiveness.