Eastern Africa Origin of SAT2 Topotype XIV Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Outbreaks, Western Asia, 2023.

We describe detection of SAT2 topotype XIV foot-and-mouth disease viruses in western Asia during 2022-2023. Sequences show the viruses originated in eastern Africa and were introduced into western Asia on >1 occasion. The rapid spread in naive animals highlights risks for onward transmission and potential endemicity in Asia.

Effect of Tucatinib on Cardiac Repolarization in Healthy Volunteers.

Background And Objective: Tucatinib is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) approved to treat metastatic HER2-positive breast and colorectal cancers. The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Human Use (ICH) E14 guideline mandates that new drugs are assessed for potential effects on cardiac repolarization through electrocardiogram (ECG) evaluation in a QT/corrected QT (TQT) study.

Methods: We evaluated the effect of tucatinib on cardiac repolarization in healthy volunteers in a phase I, randomized, partially double-blind, placebo-and positive-controlled three-period crossover study.

The Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Tucatinib in Volunteers with Hepatic Impairment.

Background And Objective: Tucatinib, a highly selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) approved for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, is cleared by hepatic metabolism and subsequent biliary excretion. Liver disease can alter drug disposition and pharmacokinetics (PK). The objective of this study is to characterize PK and safety of tucatinib in volunteers with hepatic impairment.

Evaluation of Safety and Clinically Relevant Drug-Drug Interactions with Tucatinib in Healthy Volunteers.

Background And Objective: Tucatinib is approved for treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Understanding potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) informs proper dosing when co-administering tucatinib with other therapies. The aim of this study was to evaluate DDIs between tucatinib and metabolizing enzymes and transporters in healthy volunteers.

Tucatinib Inhibits Renal Transporters OCT2 and MATE Without Impacting Renal Function in Healthy Subjects.

Tucatinib is a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor selective for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer and in development for other HER2-positive solid tumors. Modest, reversible serum creatinine (SCr) elevations have been observed in tucatinib clinical trials. SCr is conveyed by the renal drug transporters organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and multidrug and toxin extrusion protein 1 (MATE1) and 2-K (MATE2-K) and can increase in the presence of inhibitors of these transporters.

Ultrasonic, bipolar, and integrated energy devices: comparing heat spread in collateral tissues.

Background: Integrated devices incorporating ultrasonic and bipolar technology have been used in laparoscopic surgery, however, are not yet incorporated into open operations. Here, we compare thermal spread and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) functional data of the integrated THUNDERBEAT Open Fine Jaw device, the bipolar Ligasure Small Jaw, and the ultrasonic Harmonic Focus for open thyroidectomy.

Materials And Methods: The three energy devices were compared in a live porcine model using three tissue types including liver, muscle, and thyroid.

Incidence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of Incidental Parathyroidectomy During Thyroid Surgery.

Background: The reported rate of incidental parathyroidectomy (IP) during thyroid surgery is between 5.2 and 21.6 %.

Radiation-Induced Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Is Associated with Improved Overall Survival but Not Thyroid Cancer-Specific Mortality or Disease-Free Survival.

Background: Radiation is a well-described risk factor for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). Although the natural history of DTC following nuclear disasters and in healthcare workers with chronic radiation exposure (RE) has been described, little is known about DTC following short-term exposure to therapeutic medical radiation for benign disease. This study compares DTC morphology and outcomes in patients with and without a prior history of therapeutic external RE.

Thyroidectomy in a two-year old for graves' disease.

Introduction: The most common cause of hyperthyroidism in children is graves' disease - an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies stimulate the thyrotropin receptor to signal growth thyroid gland by increasing thyroid hormone synthesis and release. It can be treated with medical therapy, radioactive iodine, or surgery.

Presentation Of Case: JD was a two year old male who presented with severe diarrhea and diffuse neck enlargement.