Papillomavirus: Clinical Presentations and Treatment Approaches.

Papillomaviruses (PV) affect dogs and cats. Oral papillomas are common in young dogs and generally do not require treatment because they resolve spontaneously. The virus is spread via direct contact during play, or via indirect contact (from the environment, through fomites).

Large-scale genomic analyses with machine learning uncover predictive patterns associated with fungal phytopathogenic lifestyles and traits.

Invasive plant pathogenic fungi have a global impact, with devastating economic and environmental effects on crops and forests. Biosurveillance, a critical component of threat mitigation, requires risk prediction based on fungal lifestyles and traits. Recent studies have revealed distinct genomic patterns associated with specific groups of plant pathogenic fungi.

Follicular dysplasia and hair loss in white-tailed deer ().

There have been unpublished reports of a follicular dysplastic syndrome in adult white-tailed deer (; WTD), known colloquially as "toothpaste hair disease." The current report aims to describe the gross and histologic lesions in skin samples from 2 adult WTDs that presented to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources and the Wisconsin Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory with reports of hair loss in 2018. Both cases were grossly alopecic with sparing of the distal extremities and variably the head and neck.

Supervised learning on phylogenetically distributed data.

Motivation: The ability to develop robust machine-learning (ML) models is considered imperative to the adoption of ML techniques in biology and medicine fields. This challenge is particularly acute when data available for training is not independent and identically distributed (iid), in which case trained models are vulnerable to out-of-distribution generalization problems. Of particular interest are problems where data correspond to observations made on phylogenetically related samples (e.

Intradermal reactivity to two concentrations of pollen extracts in atopic dogs.

Background: Intradermal test (IDT) is used widely for determination of allergens to include in allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT). The optimal concentration of allergen solutions used for testing has not been established in atopic dogs. Inadequate concentrations could lead to falsely negative test results and lack of inclusion of important allergens in AIT.

Clinical techniques in Veterinary Dermatology: Regional anaesthesia of the canine ear.

Background: Video otoscopy is a valuable tool for the diagnosis and treatment of otitis externa (OE) and otitis media (OM) in dogs. Procedures performed by video otoscopy often are painful and it can be challenging to maintain steady anaesthetic depth and provide smooth anaesthetic recovery. A multimodal approach to analgesia and anaesthesia is ideal to minimize complications associated with high doses of anaesthetic drugs while providing the patient with adequate analgesia.

Deslorelin Implant Treatment for Hair Cycle Arrest (Alopecia X) in Two Intact Male Keeshonden.

Alopecia in dogs occurs secondary to a variety of underlying inflammatory and noninflammatory conditions. Hair cycle arrest (alopecia X) is a noninflammatory alopecia that is frustrating to diagnose and treat due to lack of understanding of disease pathogenesis. A variety of therapies for hair cycle arrest have been described with inconsistent efficacy in different dog breeds and sexes; no definitive treatment is available.

Activities performed and treatments conducted before consultation with a spine surgeon: are patients and clinicians following evidence-based clinical practice guidelines?

Background Context: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are designed to ensure that evidence-based treatment is easily put into action. Whether patients and clinicians follow these guidelines is equivocal.

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to examine how many patients complaining of low back pain (LBP) underwent evidence-based medical interventional treatment in line with CPG recommendations before consultation with a spine surgeon, and to evaluate any associations between adherence to CPG recommendations and baseline factors.

Impression Smear Agreement with Acetate Tape Preparation for Cytologic Sampling.

Cutaneous cytologic sampling techniques are used to detect bacteria, yeast, and inflammatory cells for diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring. Studies have examined slide evaluation techniques, ear swab cytology staining methods, and observer variations; few studies compare common clinical sampling techniques. The primary aim of this study was to measure detection of microorganisms and neutrophils by impression smear compared to acetate tape preparation; comparison of agreement between two acetate tape staining methods was a secondary aim.

Serum Malassezia-specific IgE in dogs with recurrent Malassezia otitis externa without concurrent skin disease.

Immediate-type hypersensitivity (ITH), mediated by IgE, to Malassezia pachydermatis is recognized in atopic dogs with recurrent yeast dermatitis and otitis externa (OE). Malassezia-associated OE commonly occurs in dogs without other signs of atopic dermatitis (AD). The aim of this study was to detect Malassezia-specific IgE in the sera of dogs with recurrent Malassezia OE without concurrent skin disease.

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma manifesting as follicular isthmus cysts in a cat.

Case Summary: A 9-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was examined for swelling of the right upper lip. The cat had been receiving oral ciclosporin A for eosinophilic plaques. The swelling appeared clinically and cytologically consistent with an abscess; exudate was cultured and treatment consisted of antibiotic therapy and surgical curettage.

Long term non-invasive ventilation in the community for patients with musculoskeletal disorders: 46 year experience and review.

Background: A study was undertaken to assess the long term physiological and clinical outcome in 79 patients with musculoskeletal disorders (73 neuromuscular, six of the chest wall) who received non-invasive ventilation for chronic respiratory failure over a period of 46 years.

Methods: Vital capacity (VC) and carbon dioxide tension (PCO(2)) before and after initiation of ventilation, type and duration of ventilatory assistance, the need for tracheostomy, and mortality were retrospectively studied in 48 patients who were managed with mouth/nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (M/NIPPV) and 31 who received body ventilation. The two largest groups analysed were 45 patients with poliomyelitis and 15 with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy.

Improved reliability of the Standardized Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (SADAS) compared with the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS).

Objectives: To compare the interrater and intrarater reliability of the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS) with the Standardized Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (SADAS).

Design: A randomized, double blind trial. Sixteen university students were randomized to administer either version of the instrument.

Plasma zinc and vitamin A in human squamous carcinoma of the esophagus.

Zinc deficiency enhances experimental esophageal tumor induction. Vitamin A supplementation inhibits carcinogenesis in animals. Plasma zinc and plasma vitamin A levels are reduced in several human squamous cancers, but have not been studied in a US population with esophageal cancer.

Insensitivity of guaiac slide tests for detection of blood in gastric juice.

Two guaiac slide tests (Hemoccult and Fe-Cult) were evaluated for their ability to detect blood in gastric juice and other fluid mixtures relevant to clinical testing in upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Blood was added to these fluid mixtures in various amounts sufficient to yield concentrations from 20 microL blood/dL to 4000 microL/dL. With these agents we frequently could not detect blood in unbuffered gastric juice at concentrations as great as 4000 microL/dL.