Differential expression of six cytokines in Rattus rattus exposed to leptospirosis: A comprehensive transcriptomic analysis.

Background: Rattus rattus are the main carriers of various zoonotic diseases including leptospirosis. Regrettably, information underlying the cytokine response of wild R. rattus upon leptospirosis infection is lacking.

Exploring the transcription start sites and other genomic features facilitates the accurate identification and annotation of small RNAs across multiple stress conditions in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a pathogen that is known for its ability to persist in harsh environments and cause chronic infections. Understanding the regulatory networks of MTB is crucial for developing effective treatments. Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) play important roles in gene expression regulation in all kingdoms of life, and their classification based solely on genomic location can be imprecise due to the computational-based prediction of protein-coding genes in bacteria, which often neglects segments of mRNA such as 5'UTRs, 3'UTRs, and intercistronic regions of operons.

Exposure of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin in vitro resulting in the development of resistance and triggers metabolic reprogramming associated with virulence and pathogenicity.

In H. pylori infection, antibiotic-resistance is one of the most common causes of treatment failure. Bacterial metabolic activities, such as energy production, bacterial growth, cell wall construction, and cell-cell communication, all play important roles in antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.

Porous NiTi Dental Implant Fabricated by a Metal Injection Molding: An in Vivo Biocompatibility Evaluation in an Animal Model.

This study assessed the corrosion resistance, intracutaneous reactivity, acute systemic toxicity, and in situ tissue effect of the implantation of porous NiTi fabricated by metal injection molding in animal models. For the intracutaneous reactivity study, five intracutaneous injections were administered per site with and without the tested extract in polar and nonpolar solutions. The extract was also delivered via intravenous and intraperitoneal routes for acute systemic toxicity.

Exploration of the diversity of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in Lagos, Nigeria using WGS: Distribution of lineages, drug resistance patterns and genetic mutations.

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) or extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Tuberculosis (TB) is a major challenge to global TB control. Therefore, accurate tracing of in-country MDR-TB transmission are crucial for the development of optimal TB management strategies. This study aimed to investigate the diversity of MTBC in Nigeria.

Kratom (M. speciosa) exposure during adolescence caused long-lasting cognitive behavioural deficits associated with perturbated brain metabolism pathways in adult rats.

Kratom (M. speciosa Korth) is an herbal plant native to Southeast Asia. The leaves have been widely used to alleviate pain and opioid withdrawal symptoms.

Adolescent kratom exposure affects cognitive behaviours and brain metabolite profiles in Sprague-Dawley rats.

Adolescence is a critical developmental period during which exposure to psychoactive substances like kratom () can cause long-lasting deleterious effects. Here, we evaluated the effects of mitragynine, the main alkaloid of kratom, and lyophilised kratom decoction (LKD) on cognitive behaviours and brain metabolite profiles in adolescent rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Postnatal day, PND31) were given vehicle, morphine (5 mg/kg), mitragynine (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg), or LKD (equivalent dose of 30 mg/kg mitragynine) for 15 consecutive days.

SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in Malaysia: displacement of B.1.617.2 with AY lineages as the dominant Delta variants and the introduction of Omicron during the fourth epidemic wave.

Objectives: This study reported SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing results from June 2021 to January 2022 from seven genome sequencing centers in Malaysia as part of the national surveillance program.

Methods: COVID-19 samples that tested positive by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and with cycle threshold values <30 were obtained throughout Malaysia. Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 complete genomes was performed using Illumina, Oxford Nanopore, or Ion Torrent platforms.

polymorphism and clinical factors that increase antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

Hepatotoxicity is a known adverse effect of antituberculosis drugs. The gene polymorphism has been associated with an increased risk of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDIH). This study investigates the association of polymorphism and clinical risk factors that may contribute to the development of ATDIH.

A systematic review on the cost effectiveness of pharmacogenomics in developing countries: implementation challenges.

The major challenges that delay the implementation of pharmacogenomics based clinical practice in the developing countries, primarily the low- and middle-income countries need to be recognized. This review was conducted to systematically review evidence of the cost-effectiveness for the conduct of pharmacogenomics testing in the developing countries. Studies that evaluated the cost-effectiveness of pharmacogenomics testing in the developing countries as defined by the United Nations were included in this study.

Insight of the mitochondrial genomes of the Orang Asli and Malays: The heterogeneity and the disease-associated variants.

Orang Asli are the oldest inhabitants in Peninsular Malaysia that forms as a national minority while the Malays are the majority. The study aimed to screen the mitochondrial genomes of the Orang Asli and the Malays to discover the disease-associated variants. A total of 99 Orang Asli from six tribes (Bateq, Cheq Wong, Orang Kanaq, Kensiu, Lanoh, and Semai) were recruited.

Pathogenic nsSNPs that increase the risks of cancers among the Orang Asli and Malays.

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common genetic variations for various complex human diseases, including cancers. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified numerous SNPs that increase cancer risks, such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and leukemia. These SNPs were cataloged for scientific use.

Discovery of polymethoxyflavones as potential cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B) inhibitors.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed to treat inflammatory-related diseases, pain and fever. However, the prolong use of traditional NSAIDs leads to undesirable side effects such as gastric, ulceration, and renal toxicity due to lack of selectivity toward respective targets for COX-2, 5-LOX, and PDE4B. Thus, targeting multiple sites can reduce these adverse effects of the drugs and increase its potency.

Draft Genome Sequences of Local Clinical Isolates of Drug-Resistant and Drug-Sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

In the battle against tuberculosis (TB), plasticity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome is believed to contribute to the pathogen's virulence and drug resistance. Here, we report 10 draft genome sequences of clinical M. tuberculosis isolated in Malaysia as the basis for understanding the genome plasticity of the M.

Understanding the effects of Moringa oleifera in chronic unpredictable stressed zebrafish using metabolomics analysis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Moringa leaves have been used for thousands of years to maintain skin health and mental fitness. People also use it to relieves pain and stress.

Aim Of The Study: To determine the effects of Moringa oleifera leaves ethanol-aqueous (ratio 7:3) extract (MOLE) on the chronically stressed zebrafish.

Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for the Determination of Vardenafil and Its Application of Bioequivalence.

A simple, rapid, and sensitive method of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the determination of vardenafil in rabbit plasma. A simple protein precipitation method with ice-cold acetonitrile was used for plasma extraction. The mass transitions m/z 489⟶151 and m/z 390⟶169 were used to measure vardenafil and tadalafil (internal standard), respectively, with a total assay run time of 6 min.

Stress, Anxiety and Depression among a Cohort of Health Sciences Undergraduate Students: The Prevalence and Risk Factors.

Stress, anxiety, and depression (SAD) have a negative impact on the learning and academic performance of university students. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, as well as the risk factors associated with SAD among a cohort of students pursuing undergraduate degree courses in health sciences. This is part of the strategy in building a healthy nation.

The methanolic extract of Garcinia atroviridis (MeGa) reduces body weight and food intake, and improves lipid profiles by altering the lipid metabolism: a rat model.

species are widely used for their slimming effects via increased fat burning and suppression of satiety. However, scientific evidence for the biological effects of (GA) is lacking. We investigated the phytochemical composition, safety profiles, and antioxidant and antiobesity effects of methanolic extracts of (MeGa) in obese female rats.

Significant Decreased Expressions of CaN, VEGF, SLC39A6 and SFRP1 in MDA-MB-231 Xenograft Breast Tumor Mice Treated with Leaves and Seed Residue (MOLSr) Extracts.

is a miracle plant with many nutritional and medicinal properties. Chemopreventive values of the combined mixture of moringa leaves and seed residue (MOLSr) at different ratios (M1S9, M1S1 and M9S1) were investigated. MOLSr extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening, antioxidant assays, metabolite profiling and cytotoxic activity on the primary mammary epithelial cells (PMECs), non-malignant Chang's liver cells and various human cancer cell lines (including breast, cervical, colon and liver cancer cell lines).

Determination toxic effects of Hystrix Brachyura Bezoar extracts using cancer cell lines and embryo zebrafish (Danio rerio) models and identification of active principles through GC-MS analysis.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Porcupine bezoar (PB) is used as folk medicine for various medical conditions including cancer treatment in Malaysia. However, its toxicity profile has never been thoroughly ascertained to confirm its safe nature as an efficacious traditional medicine in the treatment of cancer as well as other ailments.

Aim Of The Study: This study was aimed to reveal three different PBs' aqueous extracts(viz.

Genotype-Phenotype Correlation of β-Thalassemia in Malaysian Population: Toward Effective Genetic Counseling.

Effective prevention of β-thalassemia (β-thal) requires strategies to detect at-risk couples. This is the first study attempting to assess the prevalence of silent β-thal carriers in the Malaysian population. Hematological and clinical parameters were evaluated in healthy blood donors and patients with β-thal trait, Hb E (: c.

Mitochondrial DNA mutations in Malaysian female breast cancer patients.

Cancer development has been ascribed with diverse genetic variations which are identified in both mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) alterations have been detected in several tumours which include lung, colorectal, renal, pancreatic and breast cancer. Several studies have explored the breast tumour-specific mtDNA alteration mainly in Western population.

Inhibitory Effects of Raw-Extract (RECA) on Acetylcholinesterase, Inflammations, and Oxidative Stress Activities via In Vitro and In Vivo.

() is one of the medicinal plants that has been reported to exert comprehensive neuroprotection in vitro and in vivo. In view of this, the present study was performed to investigate the effect of ethanolic extract of , designated as raw-extract of (RECA) in reducing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE), inflammations, and oxidative stress activities via both in vitro (SH-SY5Y and RAW 264.7 cells) and in vivo (Sprague Dawley rats).

Association of with levels and toxicity of methotrexate in Malaysian Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).

Studies had shown that genetic polymorphism plays a significant role in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics variation of high dose methotrexate (MTX), 5000 mg/m regimen. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variations associated with the serum level and toxicity of MTX in Malaysian children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Thirty-eight patients were genotyped for rs717620 (), rs4948496 (), rs1801133 () and rs4149056 ().