Upregulation of Brain's Calcium Binding Proteins in Mitragynine Dependence: A Potential Cellular Mechanism to Addiction.

Korth or Kratom is widely used traditionally for its medicinal values. The major alkaloid content of kratom leaves is mitragynine, which binds to opioid receptors to give opioid-like effects. This study aimed to analyse the brain proteome of animals that displayed addictive behaviors.

Development and validation of ELISA for screening of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) habitual users using urinary AZ122 biomarker.

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth) has been used traditionally in Southeast Asia for its therapeutic properties. The major alkaloid of kratom, mitragynine, binds to opioid receptors to give opioid-like effects that causes addiction. In our previous study, we have identified AZ122 as a unique biomarker in habitual or regular kratom users through analysis of their urinary protein profiles.

Urinary metabolites of type 2 diabetes rats fed with palm oil-enriched high fat diet.

High fat diet (HFD) is one of the risk factors of obesity and diabetes. Recommended diet regimen for diabetes is difficult to abide by especially for HFD as it adds flavour to the taste buds. In this study, palm oil-enriched HFD and normal diet were fed to nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes rats, respectively for six weeks.

The effects of high-fat diet and metformin on urinary metabolites in diabetes and prediabetes rat models.

High-fat diet (HFD) interferes with the dietary plan of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, many diabetes patients consume food with higher fat content for a better taste bud experience. In this study, we examined the effect of HFD on rats at the early onset of diabetes and prediabetes by supplementing their feed with palm olein oil to provide a fat content representing 39% of total calorie intake.

Differentiation of bovine from porcine gelatin capsules using gel electrophoresis method.

Gelatin is commonly used in food supplements and in the form of soft or hard capsules. The source of gelatins is usually from porcine and bovine, and less commonly from vegetable and fish. Nevertheless, these different origins of gelatin have much similarity in term of structures, physicochemical properties and amino acid sequences.

Comparison of aqueous soluble proteins profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and H37Ra and a Malaysian clinical isolate.

Differentially expressed aqueous soluble proteins between Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra and H37Rv were identified. The protein extracts were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Twelve proteins were detected to be differentially expressed significantly between virulent strain H37Rv and attenuated strain H37Ra.

Identification of urinary protein biomarkers for tobacco smoking.

Smoking, passive smoking, and nonsmoking are conditions that give different degrees of stress to the body. In this study, a proteomic technique was used to analyze differentially urinary protein expression between these three groups of subjects. Urinary proteins were precipitated using ammonium sulfate followed by separation according to molecular weights using SDS-PAGE.

Cloning, expression and purification of squalene synthase from Candida tropicalis in Pichia pastoris.

Squalene synthase (SS) is the key precursor and first committed enzyme of the sterol biosynthesis pathway. In a previous work, SS has been identified as one of the immunogenic proteins that could be a potential diagnostic candidate for the pathogenic fungus Candida tropicalis. In this study, SS from C.

The anti-cancer property of proteins extracted from Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. belongs to the Asteraceae Family.

Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in late-stationary growth phase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a causative agent of tuberculosis (TB). The ability of M. tuberculosis to be quiescent in the cell has caused the emergence of latent infection.

Breast cancer and protein biomarkers.

Breast cancer is a healthcare concern of women worldwide. Despite procedures being available for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of breast cancer, researchers are working intensively on the disease in order to improve the life quality of breast cancer patients. At present, there is no single treatment known to bring a definite cure for breast cancer.

Comparison of protein expression profiles of different stages of lymph nodes metastasis in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. Breast cancer metastasis primarily happens through lymphatic system, where the extent of lymph node metastasis is the major factor influencing staging, prognosis and therapeutic decision of the disease. We aimed to study the protein expression changes in different N (regional lymph nodes) stages of breast cancer.

Identification of low abundance proteins in colorectal cancer tissues.

Background: Detection of low abundance proteins always possesses challenges even with the currently available proteomics technologies.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the low abundance differentially expressed proteins in colorectal cancerous tissues as compared to colorectal normal tissues.

Methodology: Protein separation was carried out by using the coupling methods of hydroxyapatite chromatography and SDS-PAGE followed by mass spectrometry analysis.

Proteome analysis of abundant proteins extracted from the leaf of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr. is a traditionally used medicinal plant to decrease cholesterol level, reduce high blood pressure, control diabetics, and for treatment of cancer.

Analysis of differentially expressed proteins in colorectal cancer using hydroxyapatite column and SDS-PAGE.

Limitation on two dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis technique causes some proteins to be under presented, especially the extreme acidic, basic, or membrane proteins. To overcome the limitation of 2D electrophoresis, an analysis method was developed for identification of differentially expressed proteins in normal and cancerous colonic tissues using self-pack hydroxyapatite (HA) column. Normal and cancerous colon tissues were homogenized and proteins were extracted using sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.

Method development for analysis of proteins extracted from the leaves of Orthosiphon aristatus.

Orthosiphon aristatus is a traditionally used medicinal plant. In order to study the proteome of the plant, we have developed a simple plant protein extraction method by direct extraction of protein using a modified 2D-gel compatible tris-sucrose buffer followed by a double TCA-acetone precipitation. This method omitted the use of toxic phenol which is widely used in the studies of plants proteins.

Chemometrics of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer patients.

Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of differentially expressed proteins from colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues for differentiating cancer and normal tissues.

Methods: A Proteomic approach was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins between CRC and normal tissues. The proteins were extracted using Tris buffer and thiourea lysis buffer (TLB) for extraction of aqueous soluble and membrane-associated proteins, respectively.

The PCA and LDA analysis on the differential expression of proteins in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of mortality in women. In Malaysia, it is the most common cancer to affect women. The most common form of breast cancer is infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC).

The differential expression of aqueous soluble proteins in breast normal and cancerous tissues in relation to stage and grade of patients.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of female deaths worldwide. In Malaysia, it is the most common form of female cancer while Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common form of breast cancer. A proteomic approach was used to identify changes in the protein profile of breast cancerous and normal tissues.

The differential expression of aqueous soluble proteins in breast normal and cancerous tissues in relation to ethnicity of the patients; Chinese, Malay and Indian.

Female breast cancer is one of the leading causes of female mortality worldwide. In Malaysia, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Of the women in Malaysia, the Chinese have the highest number of breast cancer cases, followed by the Indian and the Malay.

Hydrophobic protein in colorectal cancer in relation to tumor stages and grades.

Aim: To identify differentially expressed hydrophobic proteins in colorectal cancer.

Methods: Eighteen pairs of colorectal cancerous tissues in addition to tissues from normal mucosa were analysed. Hydrophobic proteins were extracted from the tissues, separated using 2-D gel electrophoresis and analysed using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS).

Potential hydrophobic protein markers of breast cancer in Malaysian Chinese, Malay and Indian patients.

Breast cancer is a leading cause of worldwide mortality in females. In Malaysia, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Of these, the Chinese had the most number of breast cancer cases, followed by the Indian and the Malay.

SDS-PAGE-Based Quantitative Assay for Screening of Kidney Stone Disease.

Kidney stone disease is a common health problem in industrialised nations. We developed a SDS-PAGE-based method to quantify Tamm Horsfall glycoprotein (THP) for screening of kidney stone disease. Urinary proteins were extracted by using ammonium sulphate precipitation at 0.

Proteomics and detection of uromodulin in first-time renal calculi patients and recurrent renal calculi patients.

Renal calculi disease or known as kidney stone disease is the most common urological disorder in both men and women, although it is more prevalent in men. The lifetime chance for an individual to develop renal calculi is approximately 10% whereas the risk of recurrence in a 10-year period is 74%. Therefore, a diagnostic tool for screening or detecting renal calculi is greatly needed.