Neighborhood Income Disparities in Unplanned Hospital Admission and In-Hospital Outcomes Among Children with Congenital Heart Disease.

Unplanned admissions are associated with worse clinical outcomes and increased hospital resource utilization. We hypothesized that children with congenital heart disease (CHD) from lower-income neighborhoods have higher rates of unplanned hospital admissions and greater resource utilization. Utilizing the Kids' Inpatient Database (2016 and 2019), we included children under 21 years of age with CHD, excluding newborn hospitalizations.

Magnitude of Viral Load Suppression and Associated Factors among HIV-positive Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background: Viral load assessment is the preferred method for diagnosing and confirming virologic failure for patients on antiretroviral therapy. This study aimed to assess the proportion of viral load suppression and identify associated factors among HIV-positive patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at the Pokhara academy of health science in Nepal.

Methods: This institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted at Pokhara academy of health science in Pokhara, Nepal.

Comparison of Adverse Clinical Outcomes in Children Hospitalized for Myocarditis with and Without COVID-19.

We used a nationally representative database of the US, which included 1995 myocarditis cases, among whom 620 children had COVID-19. While the risk of in-hospital mortality was not higher, illness severity and length of hospital stay were higher in patients with myocarditis and COVID-19 than those without COVID-19.

Impact of congenital heart disease on outcomes among pediatric patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection.

Background: COVID-19 infection is generally regarded as an acute self-limiting illness in children, but it can cause significant morbidity and mortality in both healthy and high-risk children. There are limited data on the outcomes of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and COVID-19. This study aimed to examine the risks of mortality, in-hospital cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular complications in this patient population.

Environmental Determinants of Malaria Prevalence and the Adaptation Strategies in Western Nepal.

Background: Current literatures seem devoted only on relating climate change with malaria. Overarching all possible environmental determinants of malaria prevalence addressed by scanty literature in Nepal is found apposite research at this moment. This study aims to explore the environmental determinants of malaria prevalence in western Nepal.

In-Hospital Outcomes in Fontan Completion Surgery According to Age.

Actual timing of the Fontan operation is variable. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of age at the time of Fontan operation on mortality and clinical outcome and characterize patients with worse outcomes. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study on the Fontan operation using nationally representative databases from 2003 to 2016 and categorized the patient into 1 of 5 groups according to their age at the time of surgery: <2, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 years.

Household Food Security Access and Nutritional Status among Early Adolescents in a Poor Neighborhood of Sinamangal, Nepal.

Background: Early adolescence is an important period of the life cycle wherein the food system plays a critical role in protecting food security as well as the nutritional needs essential for a healthy transition from childhood to adulthood. Despite the surging concerns regarding the food and nutrition security of adolescents throughout the nation, people in a poor neighborhood are often neglected and considered the most vulnerable.

Objectives: This research aims to assess the status of household food security and nutritional status among early adolescents living in a poor neighborhood of Kathmandu, Nepal.

Machine Learning for Mortality Prediction in Pediatric Myocarditis.

Pediatric myocarditis is a rare disease. The etiologies are multiple. Mortality associated with the disease is 5-8%.

Identification of prognostic factors for pediatric myocarditis with a random forests algorithm-assisted approach.

Background: Pediatric myocarditis is a rare disease with substantial mortality. Little is known regarding its prognostic factors. We hypothesize that certain comorbidities and procedural needs may increase risks of poor outcomes.

Impact of congenital heart disease on outcomes among pediatric patients hospitalized for influenza infection.

Background: Young children and those with chronic medical conditions are at risk for complications of influenza including cardiopulmonary compromise. Here we aim to examine risks of mortality, clinical complications in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) hospitalized for influenza.

Methods: We analyzed data from in-hospital pediatric patients from 2003, 2006, 2009, 2012 and 2016 using the nationally representative Kids Inpatient Database (KID).

Socioeconomic and racial disparities in the risk of congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers: A national population-based study.

We used a national population-based database to study socioeconomic and racial disparities associated with congenital anomalies in 293,498 infants of diabetic mothers. Risk of anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers was highest in poor families (13.3%) compared to the rich families (10.

22q11.2 Deletion Status Influences Resource Utilization in Infants Requiring Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot and Common Arterial Trunk.

22q11.2 deletion syndrome leads to both cardiac and non-cardiac developmental defects. We aimed to study the impact of 22q11.

Socioeconomic and racial disparities in the prevalence of congenital heart disease in infants of diabetic mothers.

Infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) are at increased risk for congenital heart disease (CHD). There is little information in the literature about the impact of economic status and race/ethnicity on the prevalence of CHD in IDM. Using the KID national database collected from 2003 to 2012, we studied over 180,000 IDM to compare the prevalence of CHD according to family income and race/ethnicity.

Comparison of In-Hospital Outcomes When Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot Is in the Neonatal Period Versus in the Post-Neonatal Period.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart disease (CHD) and optimal timing for total repair of TOF is controversial. We hypothesize that TOF repair in the neonatal period is associated with worse outcomes compared with those who undergo repair later in infancy. We analyzed data using the Kids' Inpatient Database (KID) from 2003 to 2012.

An update on the epidemiology, length of stay, and cost of Kawasaki disease hospitalisation in the United States.

Background: Kawasaki disease is an acute vasculitis of childhood and is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in the developed countries.

Methods: Data from hospital discharge records were obtained from the National Kids Inpatient Database for years 2009 and 2012. Hospitalisations by months, hospital regions, timing of admission, insurance types, and ethnicity were analysed.

The Significance of Left Axis Deviation in the Pediatric Population: A Meta-Analysis.

Left axis deviation (LAD) in children is rare but may be associated with structural heart disease. The aim of this study is to systematically assess the significance of LAD in the pediatric population. We included studies listed in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane databases, and Google Scholar before May 31, 2018 and their reference lists.

Efficacy of prophylactic dexmedetomidine in preventing postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia in pediatric cardiac surgery patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Junctional ectopic tachycardia is a serious tachyarrhythmic complication following pediatric cardiac surgery. It is difficult to manage and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Conventional nonpharmacological and pharmacological measures have shown limited effects.