Guidelines: basic principles of neurorehabilitation for patients with acquired brain injury. Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Neurorehabilitation.

Introduction: We present the Spanish Society of Neurorehabilitation's guidelines for adult acquired brain injury (ABI) rehabilitation. These recommendations are based on a review of international clinical practice guidelines published between 2013 and 2020.

Development: We establish recommendations based on the levels of evidence of the studies reviewed and expert consensus on population characteristics and the specific aspects of the intervention or procedure under research.

Role of Co-creation for Large-Scale Sustainable Adoption of Digitally Supported Integrated Care: Prehabilitation as Use Case.

Introduction: The efficacy-effectiveness gap constitutes a well-known limitation for adoption of digitally enabled integrated care services. The current report describes the co-creation process undertaken (2016-2021) to deploy a prehabilitation service at Hospital Clínic de Barcelona with the final aim of achieving sustainable adoption and facilitate site transferability.

Methods: An implementation research approach with a population-based orientation, combining experience-based co-design and quality improvement methodologies, was applied.

Actionable Factors Fostering Health Value Generation and Scalability of Prehabilitation: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Importance: Prehabilitation has potential for improving surgical outcomes as shown in previous randomized controlled trials. However, a marked efficacy-effectiveness gap is limiting its scalability. Comprehensive analyses of deployment of the intervention in real-life scenarios are required.

Describing post-polio syndrome.

Introduction: Patients presenting sequelae of poliomyelitis may present new symptoms, known as post-polio syndrome (PPS).

Objective: To identify the clinical and functional profile and epidemiological characteristics of patients presenting PPS.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 400 patients with poliomyelitis attended at the Institut Guttmann outpatient clinic, of whom 310 were diagnosed with PPS.

Inpatient rehabilitation of working-age adults with ischemic stroke: comparing men and women clinical and functional characteristics at admission and predicting functionality.

Introduction: The role of gender in functional independence for activities of daily living after ischemic stroke is still controversial. We aim to a) compare clinical characteristics of men and women at inpatient rehabilitation admission b) compare their functional independence at admission and discharge c) identify predictors of functional independence.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective observational cohort study.

Loss of smell in patients with traumatic brain injury is associated with neuropsychiatric behavioral alterations.

Objective: We sought to identify and correlate the severity of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) associated with olfactory dysfunction with cognitive and behavioral profiles.

Participants And Setting: Patients with TBI undergoing treatment in a specialized neuro-rehabilitation hospital.

Design: Prospective study.

Neurorehabilitation in the times of Covid-19: insights from the Spanish Neurorehabilitation Society (SENR).

The entire world is experiencing an unprecedented global health crisis and Spain has been one of the most heavily affected countries within Europe. Unexpected rapid changes and reorganization of medical services that occurred during the pandemic lead to an impact in the practice of neurorehabilitation. The idiosyncrasies typical of neurorehabilitation management, specially in acute facilities, that makes it susceptible as a vector of dissemination of Covid but also because of the need of finding new wards and intensive care units for Covid patients, the interventions in neurorehabilitation has suffered enormous changes.

Evidence of chronic stroke rehabilitation interventions in activities and participation outcomes: systematic review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disabilities worldwide. A great deal of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) address rehabilitation in chronic stroke, several of them with focus on activities and participation, considered critical outcomes of successful rehabilitation. Nevertheless, substantial heterogeneity might exist between studies, the reported associations may be causal, but they might also be flawed, as inherent study biases such as residual confounding and selective reporting of positive results may exaggerate the effect of interventions in chronic phase.

Stroke Survivors on Twitter: Sentiment and Topic Analysis From a Gender Perspective.

Background: Stroke is the worldwide leading cause of long-term disabilities. Women experience more activity limitations, worse health-related quality of life, and more poststroke depression than men. Twitter is increasingly used by individuals to broadcast their day-to-day happenings, providing unobtrusive access to samples of spontaneously expressed opinions on all types of topics and emotions.

Olfactory Training Prevents Olfactory Dysfunction Induced by Bulbar Excitotoxic Lesions: Role of Neurogenesis and Dopaminergic Interneurons.

Glutamatergic excitotoxicity is involved in pathologies affecting the central nervous system, including traumatic brain injury (TBI) and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), in which olfactory dysfunction is an early symptom. Interestingly, our group has recently shown that bilateral administration of the glutamate agonist, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) in the olfactory bulbs (OBs) induces an olfactory dysfunction 1 week after lesions. Although a wide range of treatments have been attempted, no standard therapy has been established to treat olfactory disorders.

Describing post-polio syndrome.

Introduction: Patients presenting sequelae of poliomyelitis may present new symptoms, known as post-polio syndrome (PPS).

Objective: To identify the clinical and functional profile and epidemiological characteristics of patients presenting PPS.

Patients And Methods: We performed a retrospective study of 400 patients with poliomyelitis attended at the Institut Guttmann outpatient clinic, of whom 310 were diagnosed with PPS.

Which interventions are useful for managing muscle spasticity in individuals who sustained traumatic brain injury? - A Cochrane Review summary with commentary.

Background: Spasticity is a frequent symptom after traumatic brain injury.

Objective: To assess the effects of different interventions used for muscle spasticity after TBI.

Methods: To summarize a rehabilitation perspective "Cochrane Review" conducted by Synnot et al.

Evidence-based position paper on Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine professional practice for Adults with Acquired Brain Injury. The European PRM position (UEMS PRM Section).

Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI) is damage to the brain that occurs after birth caused either by a traumatic or by a nontraumatic injury. The rehabilitation process following ABI should be performed by a multi-professional team, working in an interdisciplinary way, with the aim of organizing a comprehensive and holistic approach to persons with every severity of ABI. This Evidence Based Position Paper represents the official position of the European Union through the UEMS Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) Section and designates the professional role of PRM physicians for people with ABI.

Olfactory Training in Post-Traumatic Smell Impairment: Mild Improvement in Threshold Performances: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) can be associated with partial or total smell loss. Recent studies have suggested that olfactory outcome can be positively modulated after olfactory training (OT). This study's aim was to investigate OT's potential role in smell recovery after TBI-induced olfactory loss.

Olfactory function in an excitotoxic model for secondary neuronal degeneration: Role of dopaminergic interneurons.

Secondary neuronal degeneration (SND) occurring in Traumatic brain injury (TBI) consists in downstream destructive events affecting cells that were not or only marginally affected by the initial wound, further increasing the effects of the primary injury. Glutamate excitotoxicity is hypothesized to play an important role in SND. TBI is a common cause of olfactory dysfunction that may be spontaneous and partially recovered.

tDCS does not enhance the effects of robot-assisted gait training in patients with subacute stroke.

Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique, which can modulate cortical excitability and combined with rehabilitation therapies may improve motor recovery after stroke.

Objective: Our aim was to study the feasibility of a 4-week robotic gait training protocol combined with tDCS, and to study tDCS to the leg versus hand motor cortex or sham to improve walking ability in patients after a subacute stroke.

Methods: Forty-nine subacute stroke patients underwent 20 daily sessions (5 days a week for 4 weeks) of robotic gait training combined with tDCS.