A ten-year historical analysis of urban PM and exceedance filters along the Northern Wasatch Front, UT, USA.

The Great Salt Lake (Utah, USA) is reducing in size, which raises several ecological concerns, including the effect of an increasing area of dry playa exposed by the retreating lake. This study focuses solely on concerns about the toxicity of metals in the dust blowing off the playa. Although considerable efforts have been made to understand aeolian dust in urban areas along the Wasatch Front, located just east and south of the Great Salt Lake, there is still a need to consolidate existing research and to conduct a compositional analysis of the dust found in these urban areas.

Changes in iPSC-Astrocyte morphology reflect Alzheimer's disease patient clinical markers.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide powerful cellular models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and offer many advantages over non-human models, including the potential to reflect variation in individual-specific pathophysiology and clinical symptoms. Previous studies have demonstrated that iPSC-neurons from individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) reflect clinical markers, including β-amyloid (Aβ) levels and synaptic vulnerability. However, despite neuronal loss being a key hallmark of AD pathology, many risk genes are predominantly expressed in glia, highlighting them as potential therapeutic targets.

Diazoxide-Associated Hyperglycemia: A Critical Case Precipitating Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State in a Child.

Introduction: Diazoxide is the first-line treatment for children with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HI). In these cases, diazoxide raises blood glucose levels by suppressing insulin release, preventing hypoglycemia, and potentially devastating end-organ sequelae. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is an exceedingly rare side effect of diazoxide.

Experts Speak Forum: Implementation of the FAIR Principles in Biobanking Needs Fair Incentives.

While the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles are primarily concerned with data, samples can also be considered a distinct category of data. In light of these considerations, the FAIR principles represent a major challenge for biobanks, as discussed in detail in two recently published studies. We invited seven experts with diverse backgrounds to share their views on these studies and the FAIR principles in general.

Advancing Research Alongside Patient Partners: Next-Generation Best Practices for Effective Collaboration in Health Research.

Ovarian Cancer Canada's Patient Partners in Research (PPiR) is a national volunteer-based program that trains and connects individuals with lived ovarian cancer (OC) experience to diverse research opportunities, to maximize the clinical relevance and real-life impact of OC research in Canada. A steadily increasing demand for patient partners to be involved as research team members and decision-makers led us to co-develop with the PPiR team a series of "best practices" for researcher-patient partnerships. This framework formalizes our evolving approach to patient engagement and begins to address challenges that can arise in research settings focused on less commonly diagnosed yet significant and fatal diseases such as OC: (1) Start early.

Mathematics skills in children with genetic generalized epilepsy: Cognitive and clinical correlates. Preliminary results.

Impairments in mathematics have been found in children with Genetic Generalized Epilepsy (GGE), yet little is known about the underpinnings of these difficulties. The aim of this study was to investigate basic numeracy and secondary mathematics skills in GGE and explore cognitive and clinical correlates that relate to those skills. Nineteen children with GGE and 22 typically developing controls aged 8-16 years completed a neuropsychological battery which assessed: (i) basic numeracy skills: non-symbolic and symbolic magnitude comparison; (ii) secondary mathematics skills: calculation, reasoning, and fluency; and (iii) cognitive skills: intelligence, fluid reasoning, processing speed, and working memory.

Gastric emptying in pregnancy and its clinical implications: a narrative review.

Delayed gastric emptying increases the risk of pulmonary aspiration during anaesthesia for Caesarean delivery. Our aim in conducting this narrative review was to consider the effect of pregnancy on gastric emptying. The indices of gastric emptying after liquids, solids, or both and when fasted in the various trimesters of pregnancy, at the time of Caesarean delivery, in labour, and the postpartum period were assessed.

A Multiomics Evaluation of the Countermeasure Influence of 4-Week Cranberry Beverage Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Changes in Innate Immunity.

Objectives: This study examined the effect of a 4-week unsweetened cranberry beverage (CRAN) (317 mg polyphenols) versus placebo beverage (PLAC) ingestion (240 mL/day) on moderating exercise-induced changes in innate immunity.

Methods: Participants included 25 male and female non-elite cyclists. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover design was used with two 4-week supplementation periods and a 2-week washout period.

Phase transition in the shape memory alloy NiTi described by the SCAN meta-GGA functional.

Climbing the ladder of density functional approximations has long been proposed to systematically improve the accuracy of first-principles calculations employing the density functional theory (DFT); however, up until now, the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional at the second rung of the ladder, has dominated. Here, we present a study of the martensitic phase transition in NiTi based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and thermodynamic integration using the third-rung approximation of the strongly constrained and appropriately normalized (SCAN) meta-generalized gradient approximation (GGA). Although the predicted equilibrium lattice constants and formation enthalpy agree well with experimental data, the martensitic transition temperature (MTT) is overestimated by 94% (or 324 K too high), compared with only 22% (77 K) overestimation by PBE.

The Spatial Distribution of Lipophilic Cations in Gradient Copolymers Regulates Polymer-pDNA Complexation, Polyplex Aggregation, and Intracellular pDNA Delivery.

Here, we demonstrate that the spatial distribution of lipophilic cations governs the complexation pathways, serum stability, and biological performance of polymer-pDNA complexes (polyplexes). Previous research focused on block/statistical copolymers, whereas gradient copolymers, where the density of lipophilic cations diminishes (gradually or steeply) along polymer backbones, remain underexplored. We engineered gradient copolymers that combine the polyplex colloidal stability of block copolymers with the transfection efficiency of statistical copolymers.

Heart rate variability as a dynamic marker of surgeons' stress during vascular surgery.

Background: A surgeon experiences elevated stress levels when operating. Acute stress is linked to cognitive overload, worsening surgical performance. Chronic stress poses a significant risk to a surgeon's health.

Twisting vortex lines regularize Navier-Stokes turbulence.

Fluid flows are intrinsically characterized via the topology and dynamics of underlying vortex lines. Turbulence in common fluids like water and air, mathematically described by the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (INSE), engenders spontaneous self-stretching and twisting of vortex lines, generating a complex hierarchy of structures. While the INSE are routinely used to describe turbulence, their regularity remains unproven; the implicit assumption being that the self-stretching is ultimately regularized by viscosity, preventing any singularities.

Weight stigma and binge eating related to poorer perceptions of healthcare provider interaction quality in a community-based sample.

Background: Weight stigma refers to the social rejection, discrimination, and ideological devaluation of individuals because of body size and is a direct result of weight bias and anti-fat attitudes. Individuals with higher weight may be less likely to seek healthcare due to weight stigma, and if or when they do present for care, medical providers with weight bias may fail to provide high quality care. Little, however, is known about the intersectionality of weight stigma and perceptions of healthcare interactions as experienced by individuals who also binge eat.

Outcomes of Patients with Myeloid Malignancies and Cardiovascular Disease Undergoing Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Introduction/background: Reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and nonmyeloablative (NMA) regimens have enabled patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) to undergo allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). However, little is known about long-term outcomes, including cardiovascular (CV) complications.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 99 consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) who underwent allo-HSCT between September 1, 2013, and November 30, 2020.

The viral origins of breast cancer.

During the past two decades evidence has been developed that indicates a handful of viruses with known oncogenic capacity, have potential roles in breast cancer. These viruses are mouse mammary tumour virus (MMTV - the cause of breast cancer in mice), high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPV-the cause of cervical cancer), Epstein Barr virus (EBV-the cause of lymphomas and naso-pharyngeal cancer) and bovine leukemia virus (BLV - the cause of cancers in cattle). These viruses may act alone or in combination.

A Moderate Blood Flow Restriction Pressure Does Not Affect Maximal Strength or Neuromuscular Responses.

Lubiak, SM, Lawson, JE, Gonzalez Rojas, DH, Proppe, CE, Rivera, PM, Hammer, SM, Trevino, MA, Dinyer-McNeely, TK, Montgomery, TR, Olmos, AA, Sears, KN, Bergstrom, HC, Succi, PJ, Keller, JL, and Hill, EC. A moderate blood flow restriction pressure does not affect maximal strength or neuromuscular responses. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effects of blood flow restriction (BFR) applied at 60% of total arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) on maximal strength.

Progression and perceptual responses to blood flow restriction resistance training among people with multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: Resistance exercise can attenuate muscular impairments associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), and blood flow restriction (BFR) may provide a viable alternative to prescribing heavy training loads. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the progression of upper and lower body low-load (30% of one-repetition maximum [1RM]) resistance training (RT) with BFR applied intermittently during the exercise intervals (RT + BFR) versus volume-matched heavy-load (65% of 1RM) RT.

Methods: Men and women with MS (n = 16) were randomly assigned to low-load RT + BFR (applied intermittently) or heavy-load RT and completed 12 weeks (2 × /week) of RT that consisted of bilateral chest press, seated row, shoulder press, leg press, leg extension, and leg curl exercises.