Decisions about Medical Treatment and Care, the Legality Assumptions and Sovereign Power - Empowering Patients Out of the State of Bare Life?

The framing of patients making decisions about their medical treatment and care as traditional legal decisions, thresholds and formalities is a means to avoid legal liabilities through a rationalisation of decision-making, autonomy and choice. A credible account for the actual place of patients posits the sovereign power (founded in the works of Carl Schmitt and Giorgio Agamben) of the health care professional deciding the state of exception - a discrete legal space where the authority of health care professionals is both lawful and beyond the law. This reveals that dealing with broadly conceived consent issues with more law, more process and procedure but without addressing the inherent legality assumptions that empower health care professionals will always be flawed.

Incidence trends in ischaemic and non-ischaemic heart failure in people with and without type 2 diabetes, 2000-2019: An observational study in England.

Aim: To investigate trends in ischaemic and non-ischaemic heart failure (HF) in adults with type 2 diabetes and without diabetes between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2019 in England.

Methods: We used the Clinical Practice Research Datalink datasets, linked to the Hospital Episode Statistics and Office for National Statistics to estimate sex-specific crude and age-standardised rates of incident ischaemic and non-ischaemic HF up to 10 years per calendar year of diabetes diagnosis and diabetes status.

Results: In a cohort of 735,810 individuals, 5,073 ischaemic (2,038 in people with type 2 diabetes and 3,035 in those without) and 16,501 non-ischaemic (6,358 and 10,143, respectively) HF events were recorded during a median follow-up of 10 years.

IL-1β stimulates a novel axis within the NFκB pathway in endothelial cells regulated by IKKα and TAK-1.

In this study we examined the activation of the non-canonical NFκB signalling pathway in endothelial cells. In HUVECs, LIGHT stimulated a delayed induction of serine 866/870 p100 phosphorylation linked to p52 NFκB formation. Surprisingly, the canonical ligand, IL-1β, stimulated a rapid phosphorylation or p100 which was not associated with p52 formation.

Updated resources for exploring experimentally-determined PDB structures and Computed Structure Models at the RCSB Protein Data Bank.

The Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB, RCSB.org), the US Worldwide Protein Data Bank (wwPDB, wwPDB.org) data center for the global PDB archive, provides access to the PDB data via its RCSB.

Surgical and transcatheter aortic valve interventions for aortic stenosis in England: sociodemographic variations in treatment trends and outcome over 20 years.

Background: Health inequalities in cardiovascular care have been identified in the UK. The sociodemographic characteristics of patients undergoing intervention for aortic stenosis (AS) in England, and the impact of COVID-19, is unknown.

Methods: National linked data sets identified all surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) for AS, and post-intervention cardiovascular mortality, between 2000 and 2023.

Incidence of diabetes mellitus following hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the United Kingdom: A prospective observational study.

Background: People hospitalised for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have elevated incidence of diabetes. However, it is unclear whether this is due to shared risk factors, confounding or stress hyperglycaemia in response to acute illness.

Methods: We analysed a multicentre prospective cohort study (PHOSP-COVID) of people ≥18 years discharged from NHS hospitals across the United Kingdom following COVID-19.

Exploring the genomic basis of Mpox virus-host transmission and pathogenesis.

Mpox disease, caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), was recently classified as a public health emergency of international concern due to its high lethality and pandemic potential. MPXV is a zoonotic disease that emerged and is primarily spread by small rodents. Historically, it was considered mainly zoonotic and not likely to sustain human-to-human transmission.

Contemporary epidemiology of hospitalised heart failure with reduced versus preserved ejection fraction in England: a retrospective, cohort study of whole-population electronic health records.

Background: Heart failure is common, complex, and often associated with coexisting chronic medical conditions and a high mortality. We aimed to assess the epidemiology of people admitted to hospital with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), including the period covering the COVID-19 pandemic, which was previously not well characterised.

Methods: In this retrospective, cohort study, we used whole-population electronic health records with 57 million individuals in England to identify patients hospitalised with heart failure as the primary diagnosis in any consultant episode of an in-patient admission to a National Health Service (NHS) hospital.

The Intersection of Socioeconomic Differences and Sex in the Management and Outcomes of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Patients with lower socioeconomic status (SES) have poorer outcomes following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) than patients with higher SES; however, how sex modifies socioeconomic differences is unclear. Using the United Kingdom (UK) Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) registry, alongside Office of National Statistics (ONS) mortality data, we analyzed 736,420 AMI patients between 2005 and 2018, stratified by Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) score Quintiles (most affluent [Q1] to most deprived [Q5]). There was no significant difference in probability of in-hospital mortality in our adjusted model according to sex.

Effects of climate warming on energetics and habitat of the world's largest marine ectotherm.

Responses of organisms to climate warming are variable and complex. Effects on species distributions are already evident and mean global surface ocean temperatures are likely to warm by up to 4.1 °C by 2100, substantially impacting the physiology and distributions of ectotherms.

Design and Synthesis of Novel Aminoindazole-pyrrolo[2,3-]pyridine Inhibitors of IKKα That Selectively Perturb Cellular Non-Canonical NF-κB Signalling.

The inhibitory-kappaB kinases (IKKs) IKKα and IKKβ play central roles in regulating the non-canonical and canonical NF-κB signalling pathways. Whilst the proteins that transduce the signals of each pathway have been extensively characterised, the clear dissection of the functional roles of IKKα-mediated non-canonical NF-κB signalling versus IKKβ-driven canonical signalling remains to be fully elucidated. Progress has relied upon complementary molecular and pharmacological tools; however, the lack of highly potent and selective IKKα inhibitors has limited advances.

Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on the Processes of Care and Long-Term Mortality of Non-ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Nationwide Cohort Study and Long-Term Follow-Up.

Background: A growing population of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, although little is known about their longer-term mortality.

Methods And Results: Using the MINAP (Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project) registry, linked to Office for National Statistics mortality data, we analyzed 363 559 UK patients with non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction, with or without CKD. Cox regression models were fitted, adjusting for baseline demographics.

Evaluating the feasibility of medium-chain oleochemical synthesis using microbial chain elongation.

Unlabelled: Chain elongating bacteria are a unique guild of strictly anaerobic bacteria that have garnered interest for sustainable chemical manufacturing from carbon-rich wet and gaseous waste streams. They produce C6-C8 medium-chain fatty acids, which are valuable platform chemicals that can be used directly, or derivatized to service a wide range of chemical industries. However, the application of chain elongating bacteria for synthesizing products beyond C6-C8 medium-chain fatty acids has not been evaluated.

Impact of cathodic pH and bioaugmentation on acetate and CH production in a microbial electrosynthesis cell.

This study compares carbon dioxide conversion in carbonate-fed microbial electrosynthesis (MES) cells operated at low (5.3), neutral (7) and high (8) pH levels and inoculated either with wild-type or bioaugmented mixed microbial populations. Two 100 mL (cathode volume) MES cells inoculated with anaerobic digester sludge were operated with a continuous supply of carbonate solution (5 g L as CO ).

The activities of suaveolol and other compounds from Hyptis suaveolens and Momordica charantia against the aetiological agents of African trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and malaria.

African trypanosomiasis and malaria are among the most severe health challenges to humans and livestock in Africa and new drugs are needed. Leaves of Hyptis suaveolens Kuntze (Lamiaceae) and Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) were extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate, and then methanol, and subjected to silica gel column chromatography.

Advancing environmental biotechnology with microbial community modeling rooted in functional 'omics.

Emerging biotechnologies that solve pressing environmental and climate emergencies will require harnessing the vast functional diversity of the underlying microbiomes driving such engineered processes. Modeling is a critical aspect of process engineering that informs system design as well as aids diagnostic optimization of performance. 'Conventional' bioprocess models assume homogenous biomass within functional guilds and thus fail to predict emergent properties of diverse microbial physiologies, such as product specificity and community interactions.

Association between socioeconomic deprivation, ethnicity and health outcomes in preschool children with recurrent wheeze in England: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Preschool-aged children have among the highest burden of acute wheeze. We investigated differences in healthcare use, treatment and outcomes for recurrent wheeze/asthma in preschoolers from different ethno-socioeconomic backgrounds.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked to Hospital Episode Statistics in England.

Outcomes of the EMDataResource cryo-EM Ligand Modeling Challenge.

The EMDataResource Ligand Model Challenge aimed to assess the reliability and reproducibility of modeling ligands bound to protein and protein-nucleic acid complexes in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) maps determined at near-atomic (1.9-2.5 Å) resolution.