Recreational Nitrous Oxide-Induced Subacute Combined Degeneration of the Spinal Cord.

There is rising use of recreational nitrous oxide (N₂O) in the community because of its availability as "whippet" canisters. Nitrous oxide use is still legal and outside the purview of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). It is not detected on a routine drug screen, and patient history is key to establishing the diagnosis.

Ectopic ACTH Production Caused by Metastatic Parotid Gland Acinic Cell Carcinoma.

Objective: To present a case of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) hypersecretion caused by a metastatic acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC) of the parotid. Only 6 cases have been reported prior to October 2019. We believe that this condition is under-reported and hope that improved recognition will improve its reporting.

Clinical Outcomes of the Self-Expandable Evolut R Valve Versus the Balloon-Expandable SAPIEN 3 Valve in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is now indicated in patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis and low, moderate, and high surgical risk. There are multiple types of valves available in TAVR. SAPIEN 3, and Evolut R are two of the most commonly used valves.

Meta-analysis Examining the Usefulness of Angiotensin Receptor blockers for the Prevention of Aortic Root Dilation in Patients With the Marfan Syndrome.

The Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients are highly predisposed to thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or dissection, with virtually every patient having evidence of aortic disease at some point during their lifetime. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in slowing down the progression of aortic dilatation in MFS patients. PUBMED, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases were searched for relevant articles published from inception to February 1, 2020.

A unique allosteric insulin receptor monoclonal antibody that prevents hypoglycemia in the SUR-1 mouse model of KATP hyperinsulinism.

Loss-of-function mutations of the ß-cell ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K) cause the most common and severe form of congenital hyperinsulinism (KHI), a disorder of ß-cell function characterized by severe hypoglycemia. Children with KHI are typically unresponsive to medical therapy and require pancreatectomy for intractable hypoglycemia. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of insulin receptor signaling may prevent hypoglycemia in KHI.

Postprandial Hypoglycemia in Children after Gastric Surgery: Clinical Characterization and Pathophysiology.

Background/aims: Dumping syndrome is a common complication in children after fundoplication and other gastric surgeries and is characterized by postprandial hypoglycemia (PPH). Children with PPH have an exaggerated GLP-1 response to a meal with an exaggerated insulin surge and subsequent hypoglycemia. We evaluated the role of GLP-1 in the pathogenesis of PPH by examining the effects of GLP-1 receptor blockade on glucose and insulin response to a meal.