Bilateral choroidal osteomas with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy.

Background: A choroidal osteoma is a benign osseous tumor typically arising in the juxtapapillary or peripapillary area. The major cause of visual loss is secondary to the development of a subretinal neovascular membrane. The pattern of neovascularization that develops with osteomas has been typically described as classic choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and fundus autofluorescence.

Background: Chronic presentations of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) may be associated with large serous retinal detachments and subretinal exudates. The exudates are believed to be fibrin in acute disease and lipid in chronic detachments. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging has been used to study lipofuscin within the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the integrity of the RPE tissue layer.

Pseudo-vitelliform macular detachment and cuticular drusen: exclusion of 6 candidate genes.

Purpose: The etiology and genetic cause of pseudo-vitelliform macular detachment with cuticular drusen (PVMD/CD) are unknown; nor is it clear if this phenotype represents a separate disease entity, or is a sub-phenotype of disorders with overlapping clinical presentation. To answer this question, we screened a cohort of patients affected with PVMD/CD for variation in six plausible candidate genes (ABCA4, VMD2, TIMP-3, peripherin/RDS, fibulin 5 (FIBL5) and complement factor H (CFH)) associated with diseases of overlapping phenotypes.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients, diagnosed with pseudo-vitelliform macular detachment and cuticular drusen, were evaluated by clinical examination, fundus photography, fluorescein angiography and autofluorescence imaging.

Autofluorescence of basal laminar drusen.

Purpose: To compare noninvasive autofluorescence (AF) photography with conventional fundus photography and fluorescein angiography (FA) in the detection of basal laminar drusen (BLD).

Methods: A retrospective case review of 20 patients with BLD studied with AF and conventional imaging was performed. Three selected patients with different degrees of BLD are presented.

Focal retinal pigment epithelium breaks in central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To describe new evidence supporting a theory on the etiology of the focal retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) leak in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: The records of two patients with CSC were reviewed, including examination details and results of fluorescein angiography, fundus autofluorescence imaging, and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Results: A defect in the RPE monolayer demonstrated with OCT that corresponded to the site of the focal leak shown by fluorescein angiography was found in both patients.

Ketoconazole in the treatment of chronic idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To determine the effect of an adrenocorticoid antagonist (ketoconazole) in the treatment of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).

Methods: Ketoconazole was given at an oral dose of 600 mg per day for 4 weeks. Laboratory monitoring included 24-hour urinary cortisol and liver function tests at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks.

Intravitreal bevacizumab for the management of choroidal neovascularization in pseudoxanthoma elasticum.

Purpose: To determine the results of intravitreal bevacizumab injections for the management of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE)-associated angioid streaks.

Methods: A consecutive series of patients with PXE and CNV were managed with intravitreal bevacizumab injection (1.25 mg per 0.

Ranibizumab for treatment of choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate the short-term outcomes after intravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA) injection in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Methods: A review of data for consecutive patients who received intravitreal ranibizumab injection was conducted.

Selective photodynamic therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration with polypoidal choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of selective treatment with indocyanine green (ICG) angiography-guided photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Methods: In this retrospective consecutive series, 30 eyes of 30 patients with PCV were included. Complete ocular examination, digital fluorescein angiography (FA), ICG angiography, and optical coherence tomography were performed at baseline and at standard intervals thereafter.

Persistent placoid maculopathy: a new clinical entity.

Purpose: To describe a previously unreported clinical entity superficially resembling macular serpiginous choroiditis but with a distinct presentation and clinical course.

Design: Retrospective observational case series.

Participants: Six patients, 50 to 68 years old, exhibiting this entity who were seen at 5 different centers from 1984 to 2006.

Idiopathic retinitis, vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN): new observations and a proposed staging system.

Purpose: To review the clinical features, disease progression, and effects of treatment on idiopathic retinitis, vasculitis, aneurysms, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN).

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Participants: Ten patients with IRVAN originally reported in 1995 and 12 additional patients identified since the original series.

Fundus autofluorescence in retinopathy caused by deferoxamine toxicity.

Purpose: To describe the fundus autofluorescence photographic pattern in a case of deferoxamine retinopathy.

Methods: Observational case report.

Results: A 91-year-old woman receiving intravenous deferoxamine treatment presented with a history of deteriorating vision in both eyes.

Persistent placoid maculopathy: a new clinical entity.

Purpose: To describe a previously unreported clinical entity superficially resembling macular serpiginous choroiditis but with a distinct presentation and clinical course.

Methods: A retrospective review of the medical records of five patients, aged 50 to 68 years, exhibiting this entity seen at five different centers from 1999 to 2006.

Results: The lesions in the patients in this study are in some respects similar to those of acute macular serpiginous choroiditis.

Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) for retinal angiomatous proliferation.

Objective: To evaluate the short-term visual acuity and anatomic responses after intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin, Genentech) treatment in patients with retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP).

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective review of consecutive patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent RAP treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg) during a 3-month period.

Rebound macular edema following bevacizumab (Avastin) therapy for retinal venous occlusive disease.

Background: Bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), has been given via intravitreal injection as an off-label therapy for both neovascular age-related macular degeneration and for macular edema secondary to retinal vascular disease. The authors describe three patients with macular edema secondary to retinal venous occlusion whose edema initially responded to intravitreal bevacizumab but subsequently recurred in excess of that observed before treatment.

Methods: This is a retrospective case series of three patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion treated with intravitreal bevacizumab.

Anecortave acetate for the treatment of idiopathic perifoveal telangiectasia: a pilot study.

Purpose: To investigate the use of anecortave acetate, a new angiostatic cortisene, for the treatment of the leakage and/or neovascularization associated with idiopathic perifoveal telangiectasia (IPT) in an open label prospective pilot study.

Methods: Seven eyes of six patients were treated with posterior juxtascleral administration of anecortave acetate delivered adjacent to the macula using a specially designed curved cannula. A full clinical examination and fluorescein angiography were performed at baseline and at 3-month intervals.

Anecortave acetate treatment for retinal angiomatous proliferation: a pilot study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate anecortave acetate treatment of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP), a neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration, with specific regard to inhibition of neovascularization and maintenance of vision.

Methods: Thirty-four patients with RAP with any stage of neovascularization were randomized 1:1:1 for treatment with three different quantities (30 mg, 15 mg, 3 mg) of anecortave acetate sterile suspension for juxtascleral administration. Best-corrected visual acuity (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study chart), intraocular pressure measurement, biomicroscopy, funduscopy, digital fluorescein, and indocyanine green angiography were recorded at baseline and at 3 months.