Leveraging Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Peer Review: Missed Liver Lesions on Computed Tomographic Pulmonary Angiography.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to use artificial intelligence (AI) to facilitate peer review for detection of missed suspicious liver lesions (SLLs) on CT pulmonary angiographic (CTPA) examinations.

Methods: This retrospective study included 1 month of consecutive CTPA examinations from a multisite teleradiology practice. Visual classification (VC) software analyzed images for the presence (+) or absence (-) of SLLs (>1 cm, >20 Hounsfield units).

Missed Incidental Pulmonary Embolism: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Assess Prevalence and Improve Quality Improvement Opportunities.

Purpose: Incidental pulmonary embolism (IPE) can be found on body CT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using artificial intelligence to identify missed IPE on a large number of CT examinations.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included all single-phase chest, abdominal, and pelvic (CAP) and abdominal and pelvic (AP) CT examinations performed at a single center over 1 year, for indications other than identification of PE.

Automated Structured Reporting for Thyroid Ultrasound: Effect on Reporting Errors and Efficiency.

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of different reporting templates using the ACR Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) for thyroid ultrasound.

Methods: In this retrospective study, four radiologists implemented ACR TI-RADS while dictating 20 thyroid ultrasounds for each of four different templates: free text, minimally structured, fully structured, fully structured and automated (embedded software automatically sums TI-RADS points, correlates with nodule size, and inserts appropriate recommendation into report impression). In total, 80 reports were constructed per template type.

A Simulation Paradigm for Evaluation of Subtle Liver Lesions at Pediatric CT: Performance and Confidence.

Purpose: To create and validate a systematic observer performance platform for evaluation of simulated liver lesions at pediatric CT and to test this paradigm to measure the effect of radiation dose reduction on detection performance and reader confidence.

Materials And Methods: Thirty normal pediatric (from patients aged 0-10 years) contrast material-enhanced, de-identified abdominal CT scans obtained from July 1, 2012, through July 1, 2016, were retrospectively collected from the clinical database. The study was exempt from institutional review board approval.

Two Distinct Moral Mechanisms for Ascribing and Denying Intentionality.

Philosophers and legal scholars have long theorized about how intentionality serves as a critical input for morality and culpability, but the emerging field of experimental philosophy has revealed a puzzling asymmetry. People judge actions leading to negative consequences as being more intentional than those leading to positive ones. The implications of this asymmetry remain unclear because there is no consensus regarding the underlying mechanism.

The functional significance of shyness in anorexia nervosa.

The defining features of anorexia nervosa (AN) include disordered eating and disturbance in the experience of their bodies; however, many women with AN also demonstrate higher harm avoidance (HA), lower novelty seeking, and challenges with interpersonal functioning. The current study explored whether HA and novelty seeking could explain variation in disordered eating and social functioning in healthy control women ( n = 18), weight-restored women with a history of AN (n = 17), and women currently-ill with AN (AN; n = 17). Our results indicated that clinical participants (AN + weight-restored women) reported poorer social skills than healthy control participants.