Publications by authors named "Lawrence Madziwa"
Objective: This study investigated codes for adverse social determinants of health (SDoH) across 12 U.S. health systems by using data from multiple health care encounter types for diverse patients covered by multiple payers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Community-acquired UTI is the most common bacterial infection managed in general medical practice that can lead to life-threatening outcomes. While UTIs are primarily caused by colonizing the patient's gut, it is unclear whether the gut resident profiles can predict the person's risks for UTI and optimal antimicrobial treatments. Thus, we conducted an eighteen-month long community-based observational study of fecal colonization and UTI in women aged 50 years and above.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Severe hypoglycemia is a common and feared complication of medications used to lower blood glucose levels in individuals with diabetes. Psychoeducational interventions can prevent severe hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). We aim to determine the effectiveness of this approach among adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at elevated risk for severe hypoglycemia.
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- The study examines the impact of decreased ciprofloxacin prescriptions on the prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli in the gut of non-antibiotic-taking women aged 50+ from 2015 to 2021.
- Despite the reduction in prescriptions, the rates of ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli increased from 14.2% to 19.8%, particularly in the multi-drug resistant group ST1193.
- The research suggests that managing gut microbiota is crucial for tackling urinary tract infections that are resistant to current antibiotics, as co-resistance to other antibiotics also rose significantly.
Fluoroquinolone use for urinary tract infections has been steadily declining. Gut microbiota is the main reservoir for uropathogenic but whether the carriage of fluoroquinolone-resistant has been changing is unknown. .
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- The study aimed to assess the prevalence of mental disorders and nonnicotine substance use disorders in primary care patients with opioid use disorder across major U.S. healthcare systems over a three-year period.
- Females with opioid use disorder had higher rates of comorbid mental disorders, while males exhibited more prevalence of other substance use disorders.
- There is a need for enhanced support and resources for primary care providers to effectively manage the high rates of comorbid conditions in patients with opioid use disorder.
Article Synopsis
- The study examines the potential for selection bias in vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates, particularly in test-negative studies related to influenza.
- It involved simulations to identify conditions under which selection bias might occur, focusing on healthcare seeking behavior that affects both vaccination and care seeking for acute respiratory illnesses (ARI).
- The results indicate that while selection bias can happen, it is unlikely to significantly impact VE estimates in practical scenarios, allowing researchers and public health officials to trust these estimates.
Background: Endocrine therapy initiation after ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is highly variable and largely unexplained. National guidelines recommend considering tamoxifen for women with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) DCIS or who undergo excision alone. We evaluated endocrine therapy use after DCIS over a 15-year period in an integrated health care setting to identify factors related to initiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe tested whether 135 patients reporting acute respiratory illness (ARI) could self-collect nasal swab specimens and ship them for laboratory testing. Most subjects (78.2%) collected and shipped their specimens without errors; 10.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: Our objective was to assess whether the occurrence of medically attended local reactions to intramuscularly administered vaccines varies by injection site (arm versus thigh) in children 1 to 6 years of age.
Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of children in the Vaccine Safety Datalink population from 2002 to 2009. Site of injection and the outcome of medically attended local reactions were identified from administrative data.